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1、一.基本概念:作定语的是一个句子就称之为定语从句Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather1.从句位置及语序:先行词之后,陈述语序2.翻译方法:……的3.先行词和关联词的关系:1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.themachine=that2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.theboy=who3.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.4.句子结构:Aplaneisam
2、achine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.5.关系词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:where,when,why二:关系词的用法:关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1.who,whom,that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who做主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省
3、略),可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下: (1)Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) (2)Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2.Whose用来指人或物 (只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换,指人的时候也可以用ofwhom代替) (1)Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendow
4、n.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 (2)Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)colorisgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3.which,that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如: (1)Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作主语) (2)Thepackage(which/tha
5、t)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在句中作宾语)4.限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况 a、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,each等修饰时 (1)Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr.Lihassa
6、id? (2)Thereseemstobenothing(that)seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld. (3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone. (4)Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou. b、当先行词被序数词修饰 ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen. c、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen. d、当形容词被thev
7、ery,theonly,thesame,thelast修饰时 (1)ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy, (2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned. 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who (3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting? e、当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时 (1)Whoisthemantha
8、tisstandingthere? (2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost? f、当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时 Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned? g.当