分子生物学（双语）1GenesAreDNA

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1、Chapter1GenesAreDNAFigureCO:Xchromosomeinblue©ScienceVU/DOE/VisualsUnlimitedFIGURESO:PartI:GenesandChromosomesPhotocourtesyofS.V.Flores,A.Mena,andB.F.McAllister.UsedwithpermissionofBryantMcAllister,DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofIowa.FIGURECO:GenesareDNA©Mopic/ShutterStock,Inc.FIGURE01:Abriefhist

2、oryofgeneticsFIGURE02:AgenecodesforanRNA,whichmaycodeforproteinDNAastheGeneticMaterialPneumococcuspathogenicitytranferredtonormalstrainbytransformationT2bacteriophagegeneticmaterialisDNATransfectionofeukaryoticcellswithTK+FIGURE03:GriffithexperimentFIGURE04:TheDNAofS-typebacteriacantransformR-type

3、bacteriaintothesameS-typeFIGURE06:ThegeneticmaterialofphageT2isDNAFIGURE07:EukaryoticcellscanacquireanewphenotypeastheresultoftransfectionBasicDNAStructureNucleotide–phosphate,sugar,baseBases–pyrimidinesandpurinesPhosphodiesterbonds–phosphate/sugarbackbone5’to3’direction,antiparalleldoublehelixBas

4、epairingMinorversusmajorgrooveinB-DNA3.4nmand10.4basepairsperturnAlternativeDNAstructuresFIGURE08:ApolynucleotidechainFIGURE12:Flatbasepairslieperpendiculartothesugar-phosphatebackboneFIGURE14:BasepairingprovidesthemechanismforreplicatingDNAFIGURE13:ThetwostrandsofDNAformadoublehelix©PhotodiscDNAR

5、eplicationBasicsOriginsofreplicationSemi-conservativeDenaturation,annealing,extensionDNAPolymerasesproofreadingmutationsFIGURE15:ReplicationofDNAissemiconservativeFIGURE16:ThereplicationforkFIGURE17:AnendonucleasecleavesabondwithinanucleicacidFIGURE18:AnexonucleaseremovesbasesoneatatimeGeneExpress

6、ionTranscriptionReversetranscriptionRNAprocessingTranslationPost-translationalmodificationsFIGURE19:ThecentraldogmaControlofGeneExpressionProcessesaffectedbycontrolComplexityfromcontrolRegulatoryelementscis-actingtrans-actingFIGURE20:NucleicacidsallreplicatebysynthesisofcomplementarystrandsFIGURE2

7、1:TheamountofnucleicacidinthegenomevariesoveranenormousrangeFIGURE22:BasepairingHybridizationNucleicacidshybridizebybasepairingDenaturationisdstossTmdependsonsequenceRenaturationisdstossDependsoncomplementarityIn