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1、PARTONE:ENGLISHLITERATUREChapter1TheRenaissancePeriodTheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,sculptureandliterature.FromItalythemovement
2、wenttoembracetherestofEurope.TheRenaissance,whichmeansrebirthorrevival,isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchastherediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology,thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion.TheRe
3、naissance,therefore,inessence,isahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,andtorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorru
4、ptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.TheRenaissancewasslowinreachingEnglandnotonlybecauseofEngland'sseparationfromtheContinentbutalsobecauseofitsdomesticunrest.ThecenturyandahalffollowingthedeathofChauceristhemostvolcanicperiodofEnglishhistory.Thewar-likenoblesseizedthepowerofE
5、nglandandturneditintoself-destruction.TheWarsofRosesareexamplestoshowhowtheenergyofEnglandwasviolentlydestroyingitself.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheantiqueauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenais
6、sanceonitsconscious,intellectualside,fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Throughthenewlearning,humanistsnotonlysawtheartsofsplendorandenlightenment,butthehumanvaluesrepresentedintheworks.ButRenaissancehumanistsfoundinthe
7、classicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfection,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandth
8、eimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthisli
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