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AnAnalysisofWomensSocialStatusatBourgeoisTimesfromMarriageinPrideandPrejudice的论文ananalysisofwomen’ssocialstatusatbourgeoistimesfrommarriageinprideandprejudiceabstracttheopeningsentenceofprideandprejudiceleftthedeepimpressiononreadersalmosttwocenturiesago.astheauthorofprideandprejudice,janeaustenwasoneofthefamousrealisticwritersinenglishliteratureinthenineteenthcentury.inprideandprejudiceaustenwrotefourmarriagetypes:idealelizabethanddarcy,realizablecharlotteandcollins,felicitousjaneandbingley,unhappylydiaandwickham.shepointedoutemphaticallyeconomicconsiderationisthebondsofwedlockandlove.shesaidmarriageisnotdeterminedbypropertyandfamilystatus;itisunwisetomarrywithoutmoney,butitiswrongtomarryformoney;themarriagesettledbyloveishappyandideal.thethesismadeaninterpretationofwomen’ssocialstatus fromperspectivesofmarriageintheperiodwhenprideandprejudiceisset.inthenovel,austenemphasizedmarriageshouldbeofequalimportancebothbyloveandbyeconomicconsiderationbutloveplaystheguidingrole.fromthedescribedmarriages,theessentialofbourgeoismarriagesystemintensively,austenexpressedthatit’scombinationofpecuniarybargainingandbenefits.inthattime,marriagetowomenhasnothingtodowithfeeling;itisdefinitelyaproblemofeconomyandsurvivalduetothefinancialdependence.keywords:prideandprejudice;viewsofmarriage;socialstatus;1.introductionjaneaustenwasabritishwomanwriter.oneofjane’smostremarkabletraitswasherobservationofhumancharacterandnature.andprideandprejudicehaswonherthehighestreputation.theoriginalversionofthenovelwaswrittenin1796-1797underthetitle“firstimpressions”,andwasintheformofanexchangeofletters.itmainlydescribesthedevelopmentoftherelationshipbetweenelizabethbennet,anintelligentyoungwomanandthedaughterofacountrygentleman,andfitzwilliamdarcy,arichandhaughtyaristocraticlandowner.thetitle”prideandprejudice’”refers(among otherthings)tothewaysinwhichelizabethanddarcyfirstvieweachother.inthisnovel,janeaustenconveyedherobjectiontothemarriageonlyformoneyandstatusaswellasthemarriagewithoutconsiderationforthesamebackground,whichwastotallyoddatthetime.sheadvocatedthemarriageforbothloveandeconomicconsiderationwithloveplayingtheleadingrole.meanwhile,shealsoexposedthattheessentialsofbourgeoismarriageareadealofmoneyandacombinationofbenefitunderthepatriarchy.thestyleofprideandprejudiceiswellaheadoftheothernovelsofthetimeandithasakindoffairlydeeppowerofart.theselectedlanguage,wisdomandhumorfullyreflectwomen’sattitudestowardmarriageandtheirsocialstatusatthattime.2.themarriagesinprideandprejudiceinprideandprejudice,austenwrotemanykindsofloveandmarriageofthegenteel-classwoman.shemainlydepictedfourmarriagetypes:themarriageofelizabethanddarcyisbasedonloveandfortune;themarriageofjaneandbingleypossessesbeauty,virtueandfortune;themarriageoflydiaandwickhamwantsbothsexandmoney;themarriageofcharlotteandcollinsisrollinginwealthbutnolove. allthesemarriagesreflectpeople’slifeandfateofthattime.theotheryoungcouples’marriagesinthebookareonlycomparisontoelizabethbennetandmr.darcy’sidealmarriage.itindicatestheirbravebehaviorthattheydaretolookdownuponcommoncustoms-everythingisdecidedbymoney;ithighlypraisesthattheyhaveacorrectknowledgeofthemselvesandasenseofunderstandingtheworldaround.itisconsideredthatonlythiscouplethatattracteachotherbytheirownmoralcharacterandtalentwillgetahappyending.3.interpretationofwomen’ssocialstatusfrommarriagesinprideandprejudice3.1thepurposesofmarriagesinprideandprejudiceinausten’sfiction,theultimatefelicityofawomanisrootedinahappymarriage,hencemarriageisalwaysthefocusoftheauthor’sattention,whichisindicatedatthebeginningofthenovelprideandprejudice,“itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.”(austen,12)论文网在线infact,thetruthisjusttheopposite--aladywithoutagoodfortunemustbeinwantofahusband.inthissense,mrs.bennetmustbeadmittedasthewisestpersononthisproblem--“thebusinessofherlifewastogetherdaughtersmarried” (austen,22)--asinthe18thcentury,gettingmarriedwas“theonlyprovisionforwell-educatedyoungwomenofsmallfortune”(austen,257)togainfinancialsecurityanddecentlifeinthelongfuture,otherwisetheywouldeitherliveinmiseryasaspinsteroragoverness,bothofwhichweretheobjectsofmockeryanddiscriminationinsociety.undersuchwoefulcircumstances,fewwomencouldthinkdeeplyandseriouslyaboutthetruemeaningofmarriage.mostyoungwomenpursuedamatchjustforfinancialreasonsor,fortheir“pleasantestpreservativefromwant”;marriagebecameofitselftheobject.charlottelucasisarepresentativeforthissituation.althoughsheknowsclearlythatmr.collins“wasneithersensiblenoragreeable;hissocietywasirksome,andhisattachmenttohermustbeimaginary”,sheacceptsandevenencourageshisproposal“solelyfromthepureanddisinteresteddesireofanestablishment”.andasthings alwayswereinthatage,thewholefamily“wereproperlyoverjoyedontheoccasion”--herparents,asthingsalwayswere,consented“withamostjoyfulalacrity”withtheconsiderationthat“mr.collins’spresentcircumstancesmadeitamosteligiblematchfortheirdaughter,towhomtheycouldgivelittlefortune;andhisprospectsoffuturewealthwereexceedinglyfair”;“theyoungergirlsformedhopesofcomingoutayearortwosoonerthantheymightotherwisehavedone;andtheboyswererelievedfromtheirapprehensionofcharlotte’sdyinganoldmaid.”(austen,361)thewholefamily,includingcharlotteherself,allexcludesthefelicityofthewould-bemrs.collinsfromtheirconsideration,whichwasausualdeplorablesituationforthefemaleatthattimeandcameinformuchcriticismofjaneausten.3.2traditionalmoralizationofwomenaccordingtoprideandprejudicetheidealfeudalsocietyisguaranteedbynotonlytheresponsibilityoftherulingclassbutthetraditionalmoralizationofwomen.inthenovel,virtuouswomenlikejane,charlotteandelizabetharerewardedgenerousfortuneandhappymarriagelikecinderellawhileimmorallydiaiseventuallypunished.indoingso,thefeudalpatriarchalsocietycanbe defendedandconsolidated.elizabethbennetisausten’sfavoritecharacterandisendowedwithintelligenceandindividuality.thesequalitiesarerareintraditionalwomencharacters.butitdoesnotmeanelizabethdeviatesfromthestandardofvirtuouswomen.sheisrewardedthebestforhermoralgrowthandelevatedfromadaughterofthelowergentrytoalady.accordingtothestandardofvirtuouswomen,elizabethembodiesaffection,selflessnessandsensitiveness.elizabeththinksofothersoverherself.whenshehearsofjane’ssickness,sherunstonetherfieldregardlessofbadweatherandtakescareofherfornearlyaweek.shedarestodisputeswithdarcyforhisseparationofjaneandbingley.whenlydia’sscandaltakesplace,elizabethimmediatelyasksforheruncle’shelpandendeavorstosavelydia’sfame.nevertheless,elizabethhasashortcomingthatsheisoverconfidentofherquicknessinperceptionandisreadytomakehastyjudgments.oppositetoelizabeth,lydiabennetisanegativewomancharacterthatdeviatesfromtradition.shehasanarchicpassionundisciplinedandchallengesanyconventionthatrestrainsthepoweroffemalesexuality.“oncethispowerlackssocialdirectionandcontrol,itturnstooeasilyto withdrawfromsociety,ortoirresponsibilityandanarchyanditeventuallydestroysnotonlyherselfbutothersandsociety(duckworth100)”.thisisthereasonwhyaustenlashestheseverestcriticismonlydia’suninhibitedself-expression.lydiaistheincarnationofanarchismandimmorality.(tyson,89)shedoesnotonlygetherselfintonotorietybutstainherfamilyfameandreduceopportunitiesofherothersisters’marriages.accordingtothesystemofrewardsandpunishments,lydiamustbepunished-thoughshemarriestowickham-andsheisexiledtothenotoriousnorthandlivesinpoverty.3.3awayoflivingforwomen:marriagejaneaustenwasabritishrealisticnovelist.inherlifetime,britainwasattheperiodoftransitionfromtheearlierstageofcapitalismtocapitalistindustrialization.butthesocietydevelopedratherslowlyinthecountryside.thearistocraticfamiliesandfeudalhierarchiesstillpossessedprivilegeandpower.itwasverydifficultforwomenofthedaytogeteducationandemployment.youngwomenofthegenteelclassescouldnotgetmoneyexceptbymarryingforitorinheritingit.evenherfamilyhadalargefortune,shecouldnotbetheheiress.fewofthembecamegovernesses,akindofservants.(johnson,76) austenwastheenglishwriterwhofirstgavethenovelitsmoderncharacterthroughthetreatmentofeverydaylife.therangeofthedescriptioninausten’snovelsislimited;actuallyshedescribedthesocietyattheendoftheeighteenthcenturyandatthebeginningofthenineteenthcenturywhereshelived.(nicolson,35)austenwaswellconnectedwiththemiddlingrichlandedgentrythatsheportrayedinhernovels.austenfocusedonmiddle-classprovinciallifewithhumorandunderstanding.shedepictedthelifeofminorlandedgentry,countryclergymenandtheirfamilies,inwhichmarriagemainlydeterminedwomen’ssocialstatus.inallofausten’snovelsherheroinesareultimatelymarried.thecharactersinausten’snovelshavesomethingincommonwithherneighbors,friendsandrelatives.thatistosay,austen’swritingsareallaboutthepeopleandthefamilymattersofhertime.atthattime,thevalueofpeoplecountedonthepossessionofafortune. thesocietywasfilledwiththepossessionandthecontrolofafortune.sincemeninheritedallfortunes,womenhadtoobeymenandgainedtheirhappinessthroughproposalsandmarriages.themainsubjectinprideandprejudiceisstatedinthefirstsentence:“itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemanispossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.”(austen,3)actually,itshouldbesaidlikethis,totallytheopposite-asinglewomanmustbeinwantofahusbandwithagoodfortune.“itwastheonlyhonorableprovisionforwell-educatedyoungwomenofsmallfortune,andhoweveruncertainofgivinghappiness,mustbetheirpleasantestpreservativefromwant.”(austen,32)论文网在线“theunderlyingthemeofjaneausten’ssocialcomedyisthepredicamentofbeingawomaninaman’sworld-aworldruledbymenandrunfortheiradvantage,inwhichmarriageloomsasthecentralanddecisiveactofthewoman’slife,andwheretheprevailingviewisthat`marriagehas…nonaturalrelationtolove.marriagebelongstosociety;itisasocialcontract’.otherthanmarriage,nocareeroroccupationwasopentoher.hereducationwasagroomingforpolitesociety,providingherwithfashionable“accomplishments”tocatchtheeyeofafuturehusband.”(austen,45) marriageofausten’stimeactuallywasakindoffoundationstoneanditsfunctionwasmainlythekeytotheconnectionoffortune,thedecisionofrelationandtherightofinheritance.(wilkes,84)whatitvaluedwastobematchedformarriage.thepointofmarriageofthetimewasnottoofferalegalformofgivingbirthtochildrenandtakingcareofchildren.atthattimetherewerenotsomanypeoplewhowouldn’tliketogetmarriedaswedonow.ofcourse,therewasnosuchromanticmarriagethatwouldbearnolegalobligationandwouldbreakupatanymoment.asamatteroffact,marriageisakindofritualthateveryoneshouldgothroughandapartofthewaytonormallife.however,thedifferentshareofworkbetweenobjectivelycausedsuchkindoftraditionalmarriagemaleandfemale.inthesocietyofthetime,laborproductivitywasnotdeveloped.womenwerediscriminatedagainstinsocialemploymentandthedivisionandtheinheritanceoffortune.womenweretreatedastheoneswhocouldonlygivebirthtochildrenandservemen.theybecamepoorappendageofhusbandsinthepatriarchy.nomatterwhatkindoffamilytheywerebornin,richorpoor,theyhadtodependonmarriagetochangetheirwayoflifeormaintaintheirownrelativelygoodsituation.marriageistheironlywaytosurviveinthecruelworld. 4.conclusioninprideandprejudice,austenfullyexpressedherviewofmarriage.fromthenovel,wecangetacomprehensiveunderstandingofwomen’ssocialstatusinpre-victorianenglishcountrysocietyofthe1810s.whatausten’snovelsexhibitisaworldthatisreducedconsumedly;theviewsofthemarenarrow;anyway,theyarequiteconcentrated.whatshefocusedonwasmoralityandcustoms;strictrulesofbehaviorandcriterion,hence,whathernovelstalkaboutaretraditionalmarriages.shepaidmoreattentiontotheexpatiationthatmarriagemeansprescriptiveconnectionoffortune,decisionofcognationandrightsofsuccession.atthetimewhenwomencouldnothavetheequalopportunityasmenforgettingworkofthesamevalueandhavingthesameheirdom,theyweretheminorityweakgroupsandtheappendageofhusbandsinthefamilystructureofmale.austentriedtosearchforrationalmarriagesforwomenthroughrationallove.actuallysheemphasizedthatwomenshouldtaketheinitiativeinmarriages,expressingviewofvaluethatwasdifferentfrommalewriters.references论文网在线janeausten.prideandprejudice,london,wordsworth 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