食品添加剂 防腐剂

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1、(第二章防腐剂)Chapter2PreservativesContents:2.1Definitionofpreservatives**2.2Mechanismsofpreservatives**机理2.3Varietiesofpreservatives**种类2.4Classificationofpreservatives**分类2.5Introductiontothepreservativesusedofteninfood2.5.1Benzoicacidanditssodiumsalt**苯甲酸2.5.2Sorbicacidanditspotassiumsalt*

2、*山梨酸2.5.3Sodiumandcalciumpropionate**丙酸2.5.4Parabens/p-hydroxybenzoates**(sum)对羟基苯甲酸酯*Nisin**乳酸链球菌素*fresh-keepingpreservativesforfruitsandvegetables**2.6Attentiontotheapplicationoffoodpreservatives**2.7Developmenttendencyoffoodpreservatives**(Questionsfordiscussion)2.5.5otherpreservativ

3、esExamplesoffoodswhicheasilyundergospoilageastheresultofmicrobialactionmeatproductscheesebreadspicesFruitjuiceaquaticproductsMethodsforpreservingfoods(1)Physicalmethods:*Dryinginthesun*low-temperaturestorage(freezing/frozenstorage)冷冻冷藏*pickling/salting,sugaring腌制*soakingwithwine腌制、浸酒*fe

4、rmentation发酵Traditionalphysicalmethods：NewPhysicalMethods:*Canningpackaging罐藏*vacuum/gaspackaging真空、气体*highhydrostaticpressure(sterilization)高压*irradiationsterilization辐照*electronsterilization电子辐照(2)ChemicalMethods：preservatives1.Definition()Foodpreservativesmaybedefinedassubstanceswh

5、ichcankillmicroorganismsorpreventthegrowthofmicroorganisms.抑制或杀死微生物的物质Orinsimplewords,preservativesaresubstancesusedinfoodswhichhaveantimicrobialeffects.抗菌效果Attention:spicessuchassugar,vinegar,andsalt,whichalsohaveanti-microbialeffect,arenotincluded.调味品如糖、醋、盐有抗菌效果，没有包括Disinfectantsuse

6、dforsterilizingfoodcontainersarenotincludedeither.用于容器的消毒剂也不包含在内2.2Mechanismsofpreservatives(1)Foodspoilagecausedbymicro-organisms(threetypes)食品腐败三种形式Foodspoilagecausedbytheactionofbacteria.细菌的作用Foodspoilagecausedbytheactionofmolds霉菌的作用*alcoholfermentation,酒精*aceticacidfermentation,醋酸

7、*lacticacidfermentation,乳酸*butylicacidfermentation.丁酸Foodfermentation:发酵(2)Mechanismsoffoodpreservatives()Destroythestructureorchangethepermeabilityofmicrobialcellmembrane破坏或改变微生物细胞膜的通透性Interferewithmicrobialenzymesystems干扰微生物酶系统Othereffects:causethedenaturationofmicrobialp