职称英语真题2

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1、·2WaterResource      Morethanhalfofthewaterusedfordrinking,washingandirrigatingcomesfromundertheground.Thissubterranean(地下的)waterisknownasgroundwater.     Itisgenerallytakenforgrantedthatthegroundwaterdrawnfromwellsispresenteverywhereandwillalwaysbeavailableandcleanandsafetodrink.But

2、expertsarereportingthatgroundwatersourcescandryupthroughoveruse,orbecomecontaminatedasaresultofpollution,poorsanitation(卫生)orsaltwaterintrusion.     This“invisibleresource”—asgroundwaterwasdescribedbytheUnitedNationsforits1998observance(纪念)ofWorldDayforWater—isslowlyemerginginpolitic

3、al,economicandpersonalaffairs.     Withdemandgrowingandsupplypresentinggreaterdifficulties,groundwaterisonthewaytobecomingaboombusiness.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthedevelopingcountrieswillrequireinvestmentstotaling$600billiontorepairandimprovewatersystems.Oftheinvestmentsthatareactual

4、lymade,asubstantialamountwillbedevotedtoextractingandpipinggroundwater,primarilyforagriculturaluseandsecondarilyforindustryandhouseholdconsumption.Withatrendtowardsprivatizationofpublicservices,itcanbeexpectedthatagrowingportionofinvestmentsinwaterwillcomefromtheprivatesector;require

5、mentsthatgovernmentsprivatizewaterutilitiesarealreadybeingwrittenintothetermsofmultilateralloans.Oneconsequenceofgrowingprivatizationmaybethataccesstowaterwillnotberegardedasaright,butasafunctionofeconomicmarkets.    Groundwater,whichinitsnaturalstateismoreprotectedthansurfacewater,i

6、sthepreferredsourceofdrinkingwaterforcities.Butpressureisbeingplacedongroundwaterresourceslyingclosetourbanareasbyexplodingpopulations,astheportionoftheworld’speopleresidingincitiedballoonsfrom31percentin1995toaprojected50percentin2005.Andthereisalsothepressureofdollarstopurchaseland

7、lyingabovegroundwatersourcesandtokeepitinanaturalstate,inordertoprotectaquifers(蓄水层)fromcontamination.Inthedevelopingcountries,whereurbanpopulationgrowthissurpassingsewagesystems,theproblemofuntreatedhumanwasteisextremelyserious.    Alongsidetheproblemsofpublicgroundwatersourcesisthe

8、increasedcon