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1、飞秒脉冲的测量方案(Measurementofanultrashortpulse)Outlines为什么测量超短脉冲是一项挑战?为什么要对超短脉冲进行测量?对超短脉冲的全面描述需要那些测量量？光谱仪与Michelson干涉仪自相关法频率分辨光学开关法(FROG)光谱相位干涉直接电场重构法(SPIDER)超短脉冲的测量Ⅰ：自相关法OutlinesIntensityAutocorrelationSingle-shotautocorrelationThird-orderAutocorrelationIntensityCross-CorrelationInterferometricA
2、utocorrelation强度自相关器CrossingbeamsinanSHGcrystal,varyingthedelaybetweenthem,andmeasuringthesecond-harmonic(SH)pulseenergyvs.delayyieldstheIntensityAutocorrelation:TheIntensityAutocorrelation:DelayBeam-splitterInputpulseApertureeliminatesinputpulsesandalsoanySHcreatedbytheindividualinputbeams
3、.SlowdetectorMirrorE(t)E(t–t)MirrorsSHGcrystalLensWhatifweuseacollinearbeamgeometry,andallowtheautocorrelatorsignallighttointerferewiththeSHGfromeachindividualbeam?DevelopedbyJ-CDielsUsualAutocor-relationtermNewtermsAlsocalledthe“Fringe-ResolvedAutocorrelation”FilterSlowdetectorSHGcrystalLe
4、nsBeam-splitterInputpulseDelayMirrorMirrorE(t)E(t–t)MichelsonInterferometerDielsandRudolph,UltrashortLaserPulsePhenomena,AcademicPress,1996.干涉自相关器Outlines:TheMusicalScoreandtheSpectrogramFrequency-ResolvedOpticalGating(FROG)SHG-FROGandothergeometriesXFROG,Single-shotFROGandGRENOILLE超短脉冲测量Ⅱ：
5、频率分辨光开关法FROG：用复制的可延迟的脉冲与原脉冲在非线性介质中的瞬时相互作用作为光学开关；对开关脉冲随时间的变化进行光谱分辨。Useanyultrafastnonlinearity:Second-harmonicgeneration,etc.“PolarizationGate”GeometryNonlinearmedium(glass)PulsetobemeasuredVariabledelay,tCameraSpec-trometerBeamsplitterE(t)E(t-t)Esig(t,t)=E(t)
6、E(t-t)
7、245°polarizationrotation
8、频率分辨光学开关法(FROG)Baltuska,Pshenichnikov,andWeirsma,J.Quant.Electron.,35,459(1999).SHGFROGMeasurementsofa4.5-fsPulse!超短脉冲测量Ⅲ：SPIDERWhatisSPIDER?HowSPIDERworks?SPIDERapparatusX-SPIDEROutlines:tChirpedpulsetttThispulsesumswiththebluepartofthechirpedpulse.Thispulsesumswiththegreenpartofthechirped
9、pulse.Tworeplicasofthepulseareproduced,eachfrequencyshiftedbyadifferentamount.PerformingSIonthesetwopulsesyieldsthedifferenceinspectralphaseatnearbyfrequencies(separatedbydw).Thisyieldsthespectralphase.InputpulsesOutputpulsesIaconisandWalmsley,JQE35,501(
