施工工艺机械挖土

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1、机械挖土——施工工艺Mechanicaldigging-constructiontechnologyMechanicaldiggingThistechnologytodetailcontentsuitableforindustrialandcivilbuildings,structuresoflargeFoundationpit(slots),trenchandthelargeareaofflatspaceandotherearthworks溪洛渡电站大坝基坑开挖沟槽开挖MajormachineEarthmovi

2、ngmachinery:Excavators,bulldozers,scrapers,dumptruck,etc挖掘机自动倾卸车推土机刮运机MajormachineGeneraltools:Spade(pointedandflat),trolleys,smallwhitelinesor20#Wireand2mSlopeandfootsteeltape,andsoon.一般机具有：铁锹（尖、平头两种）、手推车、小白线或20号铅丝和钢卷尺以及坡度尺等Operationalconditions作业条件1.将施工区域内的

3、地下、地上障碍物清除1.obstructionsintheconstructionareaofundergroundandtheground,clearedandprocessed2.建筑物或构筑物的位置或场地的定位控制线（桩）2.Locationofabuildingorstructureorsitepositioningofthelineofcontrol(piles)graylinesizeofthelevelandslottedtogothroughinspection3.夜间施工时，应有足够的照明设施3

4、.Constructionatnighttime,thereshouldbeadequatelightingfacilities4.在危险地段应设置明显标志IndangerouslocationsshouldbesetclearlymarkedOperationalconditions作业条件5.开挖有地下水位的基坑槽、管沟时，应根据当地工程地质资料，采取措施降低地下水位5.WhenexcavationofFoundationpitandtrenchinthegroundwater,shouldbebasedon

5、thelocalgeologicaldatainengineeringandtakemeasurestoreducethegroundwaterlevelProcessflow工艺流程Determineslopeexcavationsequenceandgrade确定开挖的顺序和坡度Theaveragedigundersubsectionandlayering分段分层平均下挖Cleaningsideandbottom.修边和清底Thegradientdetermines坡度的确定Dense,mediumdense

6、sandorgraveltypesoil(forsandfilling)-1．0m密实、中密的砂土和碎石类土（充填物为砂土）一1.0rn.Hardplastic,plasticlightloamandloam-1．25m硬塑、可塑的粘质粉土及粉质粘土一1.25mHardplastic,plasticclayandgraveltypesoil(fillingclay)-1.5m硬塑、可塑的粘土和碎石类土（充填物为粘性土）1.5m.Hardclay-2．0m坚硬性粘土一2.0m.当挖土深度不超过这些数值规定时，可不放

7、坡，不加支撑.开挖基坑（槽）或管沟时，应合理确定开挖顺序、路线及开挖深度WhenexcavationofFoundationpit(slots)ortrenchshouldreasonablydeterminetherouteandexcavationdepthofexcavationsequence,andsegmentandheirarchicaldugundertheaverage.超过上述规定深度，在5m以内时，当土具有天然湿度、构造均匀、水文地质条件好，且无地下水，不加支撑的基坑（槽）和管沟，必须放坡。

8、Overthisdepth,whenbetween5m,whentheEarthhasanaturalhumidity,constructedevenly,goodhydro-geologicalcondition,withoutgroun………….采用反铲、拉铲挖土机开挖基坑（槽）或管沟时，其施工方法有两种Usedbackhoe,whenbackhoeexcavator