语言学-2.Speech

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1、LinguisticsChapter2Speechsounds—PhoneticsandPhonology语言学教程（第三版）1Chapter2SpeechsoundsTeachingobjectives:letthestudentshavethegeneralideaaboutphoneticsandphonologyTeachingFocus:descriptionofconsonantsandvowels;basicknowledgeaboutphonologyTeachingdifficulties:phoneme;allophone;mini

2、malpair;complementarydistributionTimeAllocation:Phonetics30minutesPhonology30minutesTeachingMethods&Strategies:teacherpresentationandclassdiscussion2TeachingProcedures1.Phonetics1.1Speechproductionandperception1.2Speechorgans(articulators)1.3phonetictranscription1.4Englishspeech

3、sounds2.Phonology2.1phonologyandphonetics2.2phonemes,phonesandallophones2.3Minimalpairsandcomplementarydistribution2.4Distinctivefeatures2.5Suprasegmentalfeatures3.Task3■Ashumanbeingswearecapableofmakingallkindsofsounds,butonlysomeofthesesoundshavebecomeunitsinthelanguagesystem.

4、■Wecananalyzespeechsoundsfromvariousperspectivesandthetwomajorareasofstudyarephoneticsandphonology.■Phoneticsstudieshowspeechsoundsareproduced,transmitted,andperceived.2.0BriefIntroduction■Naturally,thestudyofsoundsisdividedintothreemainareas,eachdealingwithonepartoftheprocess:■

5、ArticulatoryPhoneticsisthestudyoftheproductionofspeechsounds.■AcousticPhoneticsisthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds.■PerceptualorAuditoryPhoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.■Phonologyisthestudyofthesoundpatternsandsoundsystemsoflanguages.■Itaimstodisco

6、vertheprinciplesthatgovernthewaysoundsareorganizedinlanguages,andtoexplainthevariationsthatoccur.■Inphonologywenormallybeginbyanalyzinganindividuallanguage,sayEnglish,inordertodetermineitsphonologicalstructure,i.e.whichsoundunitsareusedandhowtheyareputtogether.■Thenwecomparethep

7、ropertiesofsoundsystemsindifferentlanguagesinordertomakehypothesesabouttherulesthatunderlietheuseofsoundsinthem,andultimatelyweaimtodiscovertherulesthatunderliethesoundpatternsofalllanguages.1.Whatisacousticphonetics?[人大2003研]【答案】Acousticphoneticsisatechnicalareaoflinguistics.It

8、isthestudyofsoundwavesmadebythehumanvocalorgans