语法复习1：基础知识(句子成分与句子分类)

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1、基础语法复习一(P1-10)(句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句)一、句子成分概述(-)句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。(二)成分导图概览：句子所叙述的主体，由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、'口名词化的形容词和主吾从句等充当：匪workshard.简单谓语:谓语说明主吾所做的动作或貝有的特征和状态由一个动词或动词短语构成。复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构咸•说明主语的身份、特征和状态,位于系动词(

2、如be,become,get,look.grow,turn,seemW)之表语后。由名还代词二形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词二介词短语丄副词及表吾从句等充当。宾语表示动作的对彖或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语常做补语的词为形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语、从句。J—般句型为：某些及物动词(如：Weshouldmakeourtownmorebeautiful)亠込通常修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语.正I口由形容词I分迥I

3、不定式短吾二动名匹介词短舀或从句充当。修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。叫-常常由副词及副词性词组、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、从句等充当.【例句】主语:Twothirdsofthewaterisabsorbed.谓语：1、简单谓语：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2^复合谓语：Youwaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.【注】由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。如：Wearestudents.表语：OurteacherofEnglishisanA

4、merican.（名词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyonel（数词）HisiobistoteachEglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeis.Theclassisou”・（副诃）Thetruthisthathehas/“verbeenabroad.（表语从句）宾语：Theywent

5、toseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（彳弋词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihave/ive.（数词）Theyhelpedoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretended“oftoseeme.（不定式範语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）1think（that）heisfitfo

6、rhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语补足语：HisfathernamedhimDon^min父.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn^tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）WcsawheremeriHgtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabin±oodorder・（介诃範语）WewillsoonmakeourcitywbafyoujTcityisnow.（从彳）定

7、语：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名诃）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised・（代词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoen伽theclassroom.（不定式短语）The忆achin父planfornexttermhasbeenworkedout

8、.（动名词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtoleamEfi父lish.（介词短语）状语：__Lighttravelsmostquick®.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecity/brtenyears・（介词短语）H