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1、山西省山阴县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮课外训练题一阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。【2016高考训练】Onethinksofprincesandpresidentsassomeofthemostpowerfulpeopleintheworld;however,governments,electedorotherwise,sometimeshavehadtostrugglewiththefirmncialpowerhousescal1edtycoons.Theword
2、tycoonisrelativelynewtotheEnglishlanguage.TtisChineseinoriginbutwasgivenasatitletosomeJapanesegenerals.ThetermwasbroughttotheUnitedStates,inthelatenineteenthcentury,whereiteventuallywasusedtorefertomagnateswhoacquiredimmensefortunosfromsugarandcattle,coal
3、andoil,rubberandsteel,andrailroads・Somepeoplecalledthesetycoons^capitalsofindustryandpraisedthemfortheircontributionstoU.S・wealthandinternationalreputation.Otherscriticizedthemascruelurobberbarons”,whowouldstopatnothinginpursuitofpersonalwealth.Theearlyty
4、coonsbuiltsuccessfulbusinesses,oftentakingoversmallercompaniestoeliminatecompetition・Asinglecompanythatcametocontrolanentiremarketwascalledamonopoly.Monopoliesmadeafewfamiliesverywealthy,buttheyalsoplacedaheavyfinancialburdenonconsumersandtheeconomyatlarg
5、e-AsthecountryexpandedandrailroadslinkedtheEastCoasttotheWestCoast,localmonopoliesturnodintonationalcorporalionscalledtrusts・Atrustisagroupofcompaniesthatjointogetherunderthecontrolofaboardoftrustees・Railroadtrustsareanexcellentexample.Railroadswereprivat
6、elyownedandoperatedandoftenmonopolizedvariousroutes,settingratesashighastheydesired.Thefinancialburdenthisplacedonpassengersandbusinessesincreasedwhenrailroadsformedtrusts.Farmers,forexample,hadnochoicebuttopay,asrailroadsweretheonlymeanstheycouldusetoget
7、theirgraintobuyers・Exorbitant（过高的）goodsratesputsomefarmersoutofbusiness・Therewereevenaccusationsthatthetrustscontrolledgovernmentitselfbybuyingvotesandmanipulatingelectedofficials.Tn1890CongresspassedtheShermanAntitrust.Act,legislationaimedatbreakingthepo
8、werofsuchtrusts.TheShermanAntitrustActfocusedontwomainissues.Firstofall,itmadeillegalanyefforttointerferewiththenormalconductofinterstatetrade.Italsomadeitillegaltomonopolizeanypartofbusinessthatoperatesacrossstatel
