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1、IntroduceSpainWidelyknownforFlamencomusicanddance,bull-fights,fantasticbeachesandlotsofsunshine,Spainhastooffermuchmorethanthat.Itisafascinatingcountrytoknowandtoknowmoreaboutit.1.HistoryTheKingdomofSpainwascreatedin1492withtheunificationoftheKingdomofCastileandtheKingdomofAragon.Inthisyearitwasal
2、sothefirstvoyageofChristopherColumbustotheNewWorld,beginningthedevelopmentoftheSpanishEmpire.TheInquisitionwasestablishedandJewsandMuslimswhorefusedtoconvertwereexpelledfromthecountry.ForthenextthreecenturiesSpainwasthemostimportantcolonialpowerintheworld.ItwasthemostpowerfulstateinEuropeandthefor
3、emostglobalpowerduringthe16thcenturyandthegreaterpartofthe17thcentury・Spanishliteratureandfinearts,scholarshipandphilosophyflourishedduringthistime.SpainestablishedavastempireintheAmericas,stretchingfromCaliforniatoPatagonia,andcoloniesinthewesternPacific・Spain'sEuropeanwars,however,ledtoeconomicd
4、amage,andthelatterpartofthe17thcenturysawagradualdeclineofpowerunderanincreasinglyneglectfulandineptHabsburgregime.ThedeclineculminatedintheWarofSpanishSuccession,whichendedwiththerelegationofSpainfromthepositionofaleadingwesternpower,tothatofasecondaryone,althoughitremainedtheleadingcolonialpower
5、.Followingaperiodofgrowingpoliticalinstabilityintheearly20thcentury,in1936Spainwasplungedintoabloodycivilwar.Thewarendedinanationalistdictatorship,ledbyFranciscoFrancowhichcontrolledtheSpanishgovernmentuntil1975.SpainwasofficiallyneutralduringWorldWarII,althoughmanySpanishvolunteersfoughtonbothsid
6、es.Thepost-wardecadeswererelativelystable,andthecountryexperiencedrapideconomicgrowthinthe1960sandearly1970s.ThedeathofFrancoin1975resultedinthereturnoftheBourbonmonarchyheadedbyPrinceJuanCarlos.Whiletensionsremain(forexample,withMuslimimmigrantsandintheBasqueregion),modemSpainhasseenthedevelopmen
7、tofarobust,moderndemocracyasaconstitutionalmonarchywithpopularKingJuanCarlos,oneofthefastest-growingstandardsoflivinginEurope,entryintotheEuropeanCommunity,andthe1992SummerOlympics.2.MadridThecapitalofSpainsince1
