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1、高中语法：被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.（主动语态）Englishisspokenbymanypeople・（被动语态）1.被动语态的构成被动语态的结构形式1.基本结构：A.结构：“bc+2.时态(clean)everyday.(build)lastyear.r1.TheroomL2.Anewshopr-3.MybikeL4.Hesaidthattheman(repair)byTomno
2、w.(operate)atthistime.5.Thisbook(translateinto)manylanguages.L6.WhenIgottothetheater,Ifoundthetickets.(alreadysellout)7.Manymoretrees_(plant)nextyea匚归纳:一般式进行式完成式现在am/are/isdone过去将来//2.主动语态改被动语态的方法1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方而：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结
3、构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。女U：Hegavetheboyanapple.—Theboywasgivenanapple.(或Anapplewasgiventotheboy.)Herfatherboughtherapresent.—Shewasboughtapresentbyherfathe
4、r.(或Apresentwasboughtforherbyherfather・)3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：Theywatchedthechildrensingthatmorning・—>Thechildrenwerewatchedtosingthatmorning・含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,r
5、eport等。如J：Peoplebelievethatheisill.—>Itisbelievedthatheisill.(或：Heisbelievedtobeill.)Itwasreportedthatthescientistsweresearchingfornewwaystosolvetheproblems.据扌艮道科学家正在寻求解决这些问题的新途径。常见的句型结构如卜：Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought)that大家同意(相信、决定、希望、认为)....
6、..Itis(was)wellknownthat众所周知Itis(was)takenforgrantedthat被视为当然Itmustberememberedthat务必i己住Itmustn'tbeforgottenthatT•万另U忘记Itis(was)said(reported,heard,told,suggested)that据说(报道、听说、告知、建议1.不能用于被动语态的情况某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词(如well,easily等)时。主动语态有被动含义，这类动词常见的有sell,write
7、,wear,wash,cook,open,close,lock,read,record等。女n：Hisnewnovelissellingwell.他的新小说很畅销。Theclothwasheswell.这布很耐洗。Thismaterialwon'twear.这种材料不耐穿。Hisplaywon'tact.他的戏剧不会上演。Thewindowwon'tshut.这窗关不上。Thedoorwon'topen・这门打不开。Thedoorwon'tlock.这门锁不上。Thispoemreadswell.这首诗读来很好。2.
8、某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义1)在need,want,require,deserve和bear•等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。女口：Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired)・这房子需要修理。Myclothesneedwashing(tobewashed)・我的衣服需
