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ID:42017026
大小:271.50 KB
页数:25页
时间:2019-09-06
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1、四级考试全攻略写作TaskTypes图表作文议论文应用文议论文(ArgumentativeEssay)议论文是议论说理的文章体裁,可以说是说明文的延伸,除了应用于校内的论文写作之外,也常见于一般报章杂志,针对现实生活中的各种问题,运用逻辑思维,通过分析及列举事实来阐明作者的观点或见解。议论文的构成有三部分:论点(viewpoint)、论据(fact,evidence)、论证(substantiation)。论点是作者表明的主张及观点;论据是用来证明论点的理由及事实;论证是运用论据来证明论点的过程和方法,表明论点与论据的逻辑关系。议论方法如下:1)引言:可分两部分,
2、一是引出问题,二是提出定义及阐明背景资料。2) 作者论点的明确陈述3) 不同观点的明确陈述4) 议论结果5) 结论Examiningthetopic,opinionandstructureI.ExaminethetopiccarefullyTheissuegivenwillprobablybeone---thatisknowntoallthatcanbediscussedinashortpassageandinlimitedtimethatusuallyhasnotclearcutanswerII.Producealistofprosandcons(好的方面、不好
3、的方面;值得支持的方面、应该反对的方面……)III.Decideyourposition一不要走极端;二不要做墙头草;你选择支持还是反对是你之前列的表格所决定的——支持面比较有话说就支持,反之亦然。撰写开头(Introduction)的一般方法统计数据或事实Statistics/FactsEach60seconds3peoplearekilledbyhandguns.Handgunshootingshavetakenthelivesofdoctors,lawyers,politiciansandevennuns.Morepeoplediebyhandgunshoo
4、tingsthanbycancer.Theremustbestricterhandgunlawenforcement.表明主题的重要性ImportanceofTopicTheConstitutionguaranteesit.ThecolonistswereprotectedbyitandmoderndayAmericansinsistonit.TherighttobeararmsmeansAmericansshouldbeabletopurchasegunsfortheirprotectionandfortheirsport.(引用名人名言)问题形式Questio
5、nsHaveyouhadanyawkwardexperiencesaboutthecity’straffic?Haveyou…?Trafficjamhaslongbeenaseriousheadacheforthecity.讲故事StoriesDuringalectureonEnvironmentProtectionlastweek,Ihadaninterestingencounterwithaprofessor…曲折的接法ZigzagNewYorkCityhasaninternationalreputationforbeing“thecitythatnevers
6、leeps.”Inotherwords,criminalswork24hoursadayinthe“BigApple.”However,ifrecentstatisticsarecorrect,thisreputationisundeserved.Infact,NewYorkCitymightbeoneofthesafestcitiesintheworld.BodyPartTopicSentenceSupportingEvidenceReason1Secondly…etc.TopicSentenceSupportingEvidenceReason2Thirdly…
7、etc.TopicSentenceSupportingEvidenceReason3Firstly…etc.撰写结尾(Conclusion)的一般方法呼吁喊口号Makeapleaforachange.Thewholesocietymustchangeitsattitudetowardsuchoverthecounterpreparationsassleepingpills,dietpillsandtranquilizers.Thecarelessuseofthesedrugscreatesanatmospherethatinvitestheuseofillegal
8、narco
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