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1、romanceandintegrityagainstcrueltyandeviltheauthor'sbackgroundJohnRonaldReuelTolkienwasbornonJanuary3,1892,inBloemfontein,SouthAfrica,wherehisfatherwasabankmanager.Afterhisfather’sdeath,Ronald,thenagedfour,hismother,andyoungerbrothermovedtotheEnglishvillageofSarehole,intheWest
2、Midlands.Thereafter,TolkienalwaysretainedanidealizedimageoftheSareholeMill,itsoldmillpoolandoverhangingwillowtree,atemptingnearbymushroompatch,andthelocalclustersofcottages—allofwhichfiguredinhispictureofHobbiton.AtthistimeyoungRonaldwasalreadydiscoveringtwointereststhatweret
3、oshapehislife:languagesandstoriesaboutimaginaryplaces.WhenhismothermovedthefamilytoBirmingham,theurbanatmospherewithitstrainsandfactorieswasmuchmoreforbiddingandhelaterencouragedpeopleto"escape"fromsuchenvironmentsthroughimaginativeliterature.thebackgroundofthisfiction1During
4、hisyearsatKingEdward'sschoolinBirminghamandlateratOxfordUniversity,Tolkienconcentratedonphilology,movingfromlanguagessuchasLatin,Greek,German,andFrench,toOldandMiddleEnglish,Gothic,OldNorse,Welsh,andFinnish.DuringhischildhoodTolkienhadstarted"makingup"languagesandasanundergra
5、duateatOxfordhecontinuedthispractice,evolvingfromFinnishandWelshwhateventuallybecamethelanguagesoftheelvesinMiddleEarth.HisworkwiththesignalcorpsoftheBritisharmyfrom1916to1918duringWorldWarIstretchedhislinguistictalentsinadifferentdirection.AsachildTolkienhadloveddragonstorie
6、sandtheanonymousAnglo-SaxonBeowulf-poetcreatedoneofthegreatestdragonsofliterature,amodelforTolkien'streasure-lovingdragonsinTheHobbitandFarmerGilesofHam,aswellashiscreationofmaliceandterror,GlaurungofTheSilmarillion.thebackgroundofthisfiction2Throughouthislife,Tolkienwasdrawn
7、tothechallengeofcreatinganimaginedworldandmythology.Inthe1920s,whilehewasbusywithhisteachingcareer,hewasalsoplayfullycreating"fairy-stories"toentertainhischildren.ItwasforthemthatTheHobbitevolved,episodebyepisode.Whentheygrewoutoflisteningtostories,Tolkien'smotivationtocreate
8、themstopped,andsodidBilbo'squest.Itwasnotuntil1937thatTolkiencomplet
