评估施用氮肥对水稻灌溉系统中CH4和N2O排放的影响翻译

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1、AssessingfertilizerNplacementonCH4andN2OemissionsinirrigatedricesystemsABSTRACT：ImprovedNfertilizermanagementpracticescanincreasericeyieldsandmitigateglobalwanningpotential(GWP).WhilebandingNhasbeenshowntohavepositiveeffectsonyieldandnitrogenuseefficiency(NUE),th

2、ereislittleinformationonhowitaffectsgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsfromfloodedricesystems・WetestedthehypothesisthatincontinuouslyfloodedricesystemswhereGWPisdominatedbyCH4emissions，deepplacementofureainbandswouldreduceCH4andN2Oemissions.RiceyieldsandGHGemissionswerem

3、easuredfromthreefieldexperimentswhichhadthreetreatments:(1)noN(N0),(2)ureabroadcast(U-BR)onsoilsurfaceand(3)ureabandedat7.5cmsoildepth(U-BA).AllureawasappliedinasingleapplicationbeforefloodinginpreparationforplantingatNratesof143-150kgNha_1.Throughoutthericegrowi

4、ngseasonGHGemissionsweremeasuredusingaventedfluxchamberandgaschromatograph.Acrossallfields,Nfertilizerapplicationincreasedyieldonaverageby121%.BetweentheNplacementmethods,grainyieldsandNUE(37kggrainkg-1)weresimilar.DailyN2Oemissionswerelowtonegativeanddidnotdiffe

5、ramongtreatments・CH4emissionswerethemajorsourceofGWPemissionsandcumulativeemissionsrangedfrom6.3to297kgCH4-Cha"1season-1amongfields.WhileinsomecasesfertilizerNincreasedCH4emissions,therewasnoeffectofNplacementonthem・评估氮肥深施对水稻灌溉系统中CH4和20排放的影响摘要：提高氮肥管理扌吿施能够增加水稻产量月•

6、减轻全球变暖趋势(GWP)。带状丿施氮己对产量和氮肥利用率(NUE)产牛积极影响，但在淹水水稻系统F，如何影响温室气体(GHG)排放的信息还很少。我们检验假设在持续淹水水稻系统中GWP主要IIICH4排放占主导地位，尿素深施会降低CH4和N2O的排放。3个出间试验各3个处理测定水稻产虽和GHG排放：(1)不施氮(NO),(2)尿素播撒(U-BR)在土壤表层,(3)在7・5cm土壤深度处尿素带施(U・BA)。在准备种植淹水之前一次性施用所有尿素，施氮量为143-150kgha^o利用排放通量室和气相色谱仪测定水稻整个生育期

7、GHG排放量。在所有田间试验中，施用氮肥平均产量增加了121%c氮肥深施的方法、作物产最和NUE(每Kg施氮量产37Kg粮食)都有类似结果。每天20排放量很低，且和其他处理Z间没冇差别。CH。排放是GWP的主要来源，且每季每公顷CH。累积排放量范围为6.3-297Kgo虽然在某些情况下，施氮增加了CH。的排放，但氮肥深丿施对CH4的排放并没有影响。1.IntroductionRiceisthelargestsinglesourceofcaloriesforover3.7Bpeopleandricecultivationi

8、sthelargestsingleuseoflandforfood(GRISB2013).AccordingtoFAOprojections,feedingaworldpopulationof9Bin2050willrequireraisingoverallfoodproductionby70%(FAO,2009).