同济大学09年考博英语

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1、Theteacherofreadingisinvolved,whetherthisisconsciouslyrealizedornot,inthedevelopmentofaliteratesociety.Andeveryteacher,[,needstodeterminewhatlevelofliteracyis2bysociety,whatroleheorsheshouldtakein3thedesiredstandardofliteracy,andwhattheimplicationsofliteracyareinaworldcontext.TheUnescoreportpresent

2、saworld_4_ofliteracy・Toooftenwelimitourthoughtstothe5smallproportionofilliteratesinourowncountryandfailtoseeitinitsinternational6.Theproblems7developingnationsarealsofacingindustrializednations.Literacy,asthereportpointsout,is"inextricablyintertwinedwithotheraspectsofnationaldevelopment...(and)…nat

3、ionaldevelopmentasawholeisbound8withtheworldcontext9.Literacyisnotaby-productofsocialandeconomicaldevelopment-itisa9ofthatdevelopment.Literacycanhelppeopletofunctionmoreeffectivelyinachanging1()andideallywillenabletheindividualtochangetheenvironmentsothatitfunctionsmoreeffectively・Literacyprogammes

4、11indifferentcountrieshavetakenandaretakingdifferent12totheproblem:forexampletheinvoIvementofvoluntarynon-governmentalorganizations,which13theimportanceofseeingliteracynotasaconditionimposedonpeoplebutasaconsequeneeofactiveparticipation14society.Peoplecanlearnfromtheattemptsofothercountriestoprovid

5、eas15"literacyenvironmentWhoarethe"illiterates'andhowdowedefinethem?Atwhatpointdowedecidethatilliteracyendsandliteracybegins?RobertHillerich16thesequestions.Anilliterate,hefinds,'maymeananythingfromonewhohasnoformalschoolingtoonewhohasattendedfouryearsorless,toonewhoisunabletoreadorwriteatthelevel

6、necessaryto17successfullyinhissocialposition/Literacy,hepointsout,isnotsomethingoneeitherhasorhasnotgot:'Anydefinitionofliteracymustrecognizethisqualityasacontinuum,representingall18ofdevelopment/Aneducationaldefinition一i.e.intermsofgradescompletedorskillsmastered一isshowntobeinadequatein19education

7、allydefinedmasterymaybearonlyminimalrelationtothelanguageproficiencyneededincopingwithenvironmentaldemands・Fromasociological/economicviewpointtheliteracyneedsofindividualsvarygreatly,andanydefinitionmustrec