美国文学 Walt Whitman

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1、TheLastRepresentativesofAmericanRomanticismWaltWhitmanEmilyDickinsonAmerica’smostsignificant19thcenturypoetsWaltWhitman(1819-1892)TheTrueVoiceofAmericansThegreatestpoetinthe19thcenturyUSA:America’sworldpoetAmericannationalpoetAmerica’sBardofDemocracyTheAmericanpoetofCommonpeoplethefirstwr

2、iterofatrulyAmericanpoetryI.LifeII.InfluencesonWhitmanIII.StyleandLanguageFreeVerseIV.PowerfulrhetoricofWhitman’spoetryV.DistinctiveFeaturesofWhitman’sPoetryVI.Work:LeavesofGrassVII.ReputationandinfluenceborninLongIsland,NewYorksonofaQuaker(贵格派)carpenterthesecondofninechildrenreadclassicsi

3、nhisyouthinspiredbywriterssuchasGoethe,Hegel,CarlyleandEmerson------------------------------------------Goethe['gə:tə];Hegel['heigl];Carlyle[kɑ:'lail]3ofthe7sonsnamedafterAmericanleaders:AndrewJacksonGeorgeWashingtonThomasJeffersonAtage11,Whitmanconcludedformalschoolingformalschooling:only

4、5or6yearsWhitmanwasakeenreaderof19thcenturynoveliststheEnglishromanticpoetsthe“classics”ofEuropeanliteraturetheNewTestamentHisteacherscharacterizedhimasa“dreamyandimpracticalyouth”hetookvariousjobsasanofficeboyaprinteraschoolteacherTheninNewYork,Whitmanworkedasaprinteraneditorafree-lancejo

5、urnalistcontributingtothepopularnewspapersandmagazinesessaysshortstoriespoemsWhenhewas27,hebecameeditorofTheBrooklynDailyEagleafteronlytwoyearshewasdismissedbecauseofhisradicallyliberalpoliticalviews.WitnessedandwelcomedtherapidgrowthofNewYorkwantedtowriteanewkindofpoetryintunewithmankind’

6、snewfaithhopefulexpectationsenergyofhisdaysHedeterminedtobecomeapoet.Asearlyas1850,hebeganwritingwhatwouldbecomeLeavesofGrassacollectionofpoetrywhichhewouldcontinueeditingandrevisinguntilhisdeath.WhitmanintendedtowriteadistinctlyAmericanepicandusedfreeversewithacadence(节奏)basedontheBible.W

7、hitmanpaidforthepublicationofthefirsteditionofLeavesofGrasshimself.ThebookreceiveditsstrongestpraisefromRalphWaldoEmerson,whowroteaflatteringfivepagelettertoWhitmanandspokehighlyofthebooktofriends.In1855afterfirstreading“LeavesofGrass”RalphW.EmersonwrotetoWhit