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1、GothicfictionGothicliteratureisintimatelyassociatedwiththeGothicRevivalarchitectureofthesameera.Inawaysimilartothegothicrevivalists'rejectionoftheclarityandrationalismoftheneoclassicalstyleoftheEnlightenedEstablishment,theliteraryGothicembodiesanappreciat
2、ionofthejoysofextremeemotion,thethrillsoffearfulnessandaweinherentinthesublime,andaquestforatmosphereGothicarchitectureProminentfeaturesofGothicfictionincludeterror(bothpsychologicalandphysical),mystery,thesupernatural,ghosts,hauntedhousesandGothicarchite
3、cture,castles,darkness,death,decay,doubles,madness,secrets,andhereditarycurses,ghostlymusicorvoices,darkdungeons,secretpassageThestockcharactersofGothicfictionincludetyrants,villains,bandits,maniacs,Byronicheroes,persecutedmaidens,femmesfatales,madwomen,m
4、agicians,vampires,werewolves,monsters,demons,angels,fallenangels,thebeautyandthebeast,revenants,ghosts,perambulatingskeletons,andtheWanderingJewGothicfiction(sometimesreferredtoasGothichorror)isagenreofliteraturethatcombineselementsofbothhorrorandromance.
5、Asagenre,itisgenerallybelievedtohavebeeninventedbytheEnglishauthorHoraceWalpole,withhis1764novelTheCastleofOtranto.InAmerica,PhilipFreneauwrote“TheHouseofNight”,foreshadowingtheGothicmoodofPoeItsbirthisdeeplyconnectedwiththeideasofCemeteryPoets(墓园派诗人）atth
6、attime,aswellaswithGothicaestheticstandardraisedbyEdmundBurke(埃德蒙·伯克).ThepublicationoftheCastleofOtrantoquicklyraisedimitationsofClaraReeve(克拉拉·里夫),SophiaLee(索菲娅·李),WilliamBeckford(威廉·贝克福德)andthealike.GothicstylehadbecomethemostpopularandexpandedfromBrita
7、intothewholeEuropeancountriesandtheU.S..In1790s,gothicnovelsgraduallybecametwobranches.OneishorribleGothicNovels.Features:Thisbranchofgothicnovelsinsistontraditionalways.Morbidevilareaddedinordertomakethenovelmoremysteriousandhorrible.Representative:Matth
8、ewLewis(马修·刘易斯),TheMonk(1795)CharlesBrown(查尔斯·布朗),Wieland《威兰》(1798)Theotheroneissentimentalgothicnovels.Features:thestoriesstillhappeninthecastle,buttheover-mysteryandextremelyhorribleeffectsarediscarded.Thismakesth
