06表观遗传学

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1、Non-MendelianInheritance1.Familiartypeofnon-Mendelianinheriance非孟徳尔遗传的常见类型2.Epigenetics表观遗传a.Themechanismofepigeneticmod讦ication表观遗传修饰的机帝U•DNAmethylationDNA甲基化•Chromatinremodeling染色质重构•Modifyinthehistone组蛋白修饰b.Non-codingRNA非编码RNAc.Genomicimprinting基因组印迹d.Reprogrammi

2、ngofgeneexpression基因表达的重新编程e.XchromosomeinactivationX染色体失活f.Epigeneticsanddisease表观遗传与疾病•Epimutation表观突变・Cancer癌症•Aging衰老3.Mitochondrialinheritance线粒体遗传a.Characteristicsofmitochondrialinheritanee线粒体遗传特，点b.Commonmitochondrialdiseases常见线粒体疾病MendelianInheritance1.Toaccordingwit

3、hMendel'slaw遵循孟德尔遗传规律•LawofSegregation(The"FirstLaw")分离定律•LawofIndependentAssortment(The"SecondLaw")自由组合定律2.Reciprocalcrossdon'timpactphenotypeofoffspring反交不影响后代表型Non-MendelianInheritanceAnypatternofinheritaneeinwhichtraitsdonotsegregateinaccordancewithMendel'slaws.所有表型分离不遵循

4、孟德尔遗传定律的遗传模式即是非孟德尔遗传EpigeneticInheritance表观遗传ExtranuclearInheritance核外遗传(Mitochondrialinheritance,线粒体遗传)Multifactorialinheritance多因子遗传Dynamicmutation动态突变^Epigeneticphenomenon"表观遗传现象ChangeinphenotypethatisheritablebutdoesnotinvolveDNAmutation.(2004,69thColdSpringHarborSymposi

5、um)发生可遗传的表现型改变但不发生DNA的突变Researchworksofepigenetics关于表观遗传的研究1.Identifythecompositionaldifference(组成差异)oftwodistinctstructuresbetweenthetwophenotypicstates.确定两种不同表现型之《间的组成差异•DNAMethylationDNA甲基ft.•ChromatinRemodeling染色质重构1.Maintainedmechanism维持机制Themechanismofepigeneticmodific

6、ation表观遗传修饰的机制1.LocationofDNAMethylationDNA甲基化的定位・5-mcoccurnearlyexclusivelyatcytosineresidueswithintheCpGdinucleotide.5-甲基胞喀唳几乎只特异性地出现于CpG二核昔酸的胞喀唳残基上•CpGislands：CpGdinucleotidesappearinsmallclusters.CpG岛：在小簇内多次出现的邙G二联核甘酸的区域(这个是我的理解，中文版的书上是：结构基因5,端附近富含CpG二联核苛酸的区域称为邙G岛，应该是不会错

7、的)注释部分：基因调控元件(如启动子)所含CpG岛中的5-mC会阻碍转录因子复合体与DNA的结合，所以DNA甲基化一般与基因沉默(genesilence)相关联；而非甲基化(non-methylated)一般与基因的活化(geneactivation)相关联。而去甲基化(demethylation)往往与一个沉默基因的重新激活(reactivation)相关联。NHz(DNMT1AO*'丫DonorSAMHCytosine胞喀吭5-mC5•甲基胞喀味DNMT1,DNAmethytransferaseDNA甲基转移转移酶SAM.S-adenosy

8、lmethionineS-腺夺甲硫氨酸2.MaintenanceofDNAMethylationDNR:DNAreplicaseDNA复制酶DNA甲基