分离工程答疑

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1、PhysicaladsorptionChemisorptionWeak,LongRangeActionVanderWaals(dispersionforce色散力…)Strong,ShortRangeActionChemicalbondsSurfaceSpecificitynoSurfaceSpecificityyesDHads=550kJrnol-1DHads=50.....500kJmol-1OccursquicklyBeslowandirreversibleMultilayeradsorptionBETadsorptionisothermMonolay

2、eradsorptionLangmuiradsorptionisothermThematerialsusedforsorbingthesolutesareknownasadsorbents.ActivatedCarbonsZeolitesSilicaGelActivatedAluminaTheinsidephaseofanionexchangeresinsystemcontains4necessarycomponents:1•A3-dimensionalpolymericnetwork2・Ionicfunctionalgroupspermanentlyatt

3、achedtothisnetwork3.Counter-ions4.AsolventStatethe4operationmechanismsofflocculation.LCompresseddouble-electroylayer2.Electricneutralization3.Absorbtivebridgetheories4.sweepingandnetcapturingNamethe3basictypesofliquidmembranesThereare3basictypesofliquidmembranes一theBulkLiquidMembra

4、ne,theEmulsionLiquidMembrane(ELM)andtheImmobilizedLiquidMembrane(ILM),alsocalledaSupportedLiquidMembrane.Namethe4typesofmembranemodules・•Plate-and-frame•Tubular•Spiral-wound•HollowfiberWhatistheCrystallization?Crystallizationistheprocessofformationofsolidcrystalsfromasolutionormelt

5、,inwhichmasstransferofasolutefromtheliquidsolutiontoapuresolidcrystallinephaseoccurs.Statethe3stepsofCrystallizationprocess.FormationofsupersaturatedsolutionNucleation:thestepwherethesolutemoleculesdispersedinthesolventstarttogatherintoclustersandconstitutethenuclei.Crystalgrowth:t

6、hesubsequentgrowthofthenucleithatsucceedinachievingthecriticalclustersize.Statetheprocedureforrecrystallization.•Dissolveallthecompoundinminimumamountofhotsolvent.•Filterthesolutionwhenitishot.•Slowlycoolthesolutiontoroomtemperature;thenkeeponicebath・•Filterthecrystals,washitwithmi

7、nimumamountofcoldsolvent.•Allowtodryonitsown.Statethemainmethodsofdrying.Methodsofdrying:•Mechanical(filtration,centrifugation)drying•Physical(adsorption)drying/desiccation•HeatedsteamdryingNametheLiquid-liquidextraction,andstatetheseparationmechanismofsolutesinfeed.Liquid-liquidex

8、traction(alsoknownassolven