翻译理论知识回顾

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1、翻译理论知识回顾BasicKnowledgeofTranslationTheoryI.Translation1.Definition1)TheDefinitionintheOldDays•“译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。”一一贾公彦(618-907)唐朝•“夫翻译者，谓翻梵天之语转成汉地之言。咅虽似别，义则大同。”一一法云(960-1279)宋代Itmeansthattranslationisarenderingfromonelanguage(SourceLanguage)intoanother(TargetLanguage),remainingthemeaning.•Th

2、eBritishscholarDr.SamuelJohnsononcesaid:“Totranslateistochangeintoanotherlanguage,remainingthesense.”2)TheCurrentDefinition•TheAmericantranslationtheoristEugeneA.Nidawrotein1964:Translationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptotlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivaleneeofthesourcelanguage,firstinter

3、msofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.(所谓翻译，是在译语中用切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息,首先是意义，其次是文体。)1)再现原文的信息(message)而不是保留原文的形式结构(formalstructure)2)对等(equivalence)不是同一(identity)3)对等是最贴近、自然的对等4)意义是优先考虑的因素5)文体很重要•TheBritishtranslationtheoristTytler，sdefinitionin1970abouttranslation:"Agoodtranslationisonewhic

4、hthemeritoftheoriginalworkissocompletelytransfusedintoanotherlanguageastobeasdistinctlyapprchcndedandasstronglyfeltbyanativeofthecountrytowhichthatlanguagebelongsasitisbythosewhospeakthelanguageoftheoriginalwork.”•Prof.HuangLongTranslatologyTranslationmaybedefinedasfollows:Thercplaccmento

5、ftextualmaterialinonelainguage(SL)bycquivalcnttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage(TL)(翻译可以作以下界定：用一种语言(目的语)的文本材料对等地再现另一种语言(源出语)的文木材料。)1)部分地替代2)对等概念2.VarietiesofTranslation1)Interpretationandwrittentranslation2)TntermsofSLandTL,Interlingualtreinslation语际(不同语言之间)，Intralingualtranslation语内(同一语言r

6、ewording),Intersemiotictranslation符际(eg.把语言符号用图画、手势、数字或音乐来表达)3)Intermsofstyle,politicalessay政论，practicalwriting应用文，scienceandtechnology禾斗技，literarytranslationandsoon.I.TranslationCriteriaorPrinciple•Tytler"s:EssayonthePrinciplesofTranslation,17911）Atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscript

7、oftheideasoftheoriginalwork.译文应完全复写LL1原作的思想。2）Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal.译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同。3）Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.译文应和原作同样流畅。•Yanfu^s:Faithfulness,ExpressivenessandElegance（信*达*雅）1.Fait