中考复习之动词和时态语态

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1、动词动词的构成1.be动词2.助动词3.情态动词4.系动词5.实义动词be动词•be动词的几种形式1）amisare2）waswere3）being4）beenbe动词的用法1.与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用1）Iamadoctor.2）Heisten.3）Theyaretired.4）Thecatisunderthetable.2.Therebe句型1）用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前Thereisapenonthedesk・Thereissomewaterintheglass・1）用于复数名词之前Therearesomesheepinthehill.1）用于一般将来时Thereis

2、goingtobeafilminourschoolnextSunday.1）用于一般过去时Therewasabookonthedeskyesterday.Thereusedtobe（过去常）atalltreehere.3.Be动词在时态中的运用1）在现在进行时中Wearetalking（交谈）now.1）在过去进行时中Weweretalking（交谈）atthistimeyesterday.助动词•助动词的几种形式1）do/don,t2）does/doesn't3)did/didn't4)will/won't5)have,havenJt/has,hasn't/hadhadn't助动词的

3、用法1.对句子进行否定和疑问1)Doyougetupearlyeveryday?2)Ididn't(没)havelunchyesterday・3)Willyoubebacksoon?4)Hehasn't(没)finishedtheworkyet.2.在反意疑问句中1)Heworksinaschool,doesn'the?2)Shehasneverbeenthere,hasshe?3・在倒装句中1)Theyhelpedthefanners,sodidwe.2)Iwon'tvisitthefamoussinger,neitherwillhe.情态动词1.共同特点1)情态动词后面跟动词原型2

4、)无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动词3)只有时态变化，没有人称变化情态动词2.解释1)can/could在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换，could比can语气更委婉。CanIhelpyou?Couldyouopenthewindow?在表示有能力作某事时，could是can的过去式。Icanswim・Icouldswimattheageoffive・1)Must/havetoMust表示主观意愿，否定句用Mustn't,否定回答用ncediftImustgono、v・Youmustn'tplayinthestreet・MustIcleantheroomnow?No,you

5、needn,thaveto表示客观条件的限制的“不得不”，它有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。Idon"thavetocarrythebigbox.Hehadtowashhisclothes・2.解释1)May表示请求别人允许。MayIuseyourbike?表示可能性。HemaybeateachenHemayliveinthisbuildings系动词1.我们所学过的系动词是1)变成类get,turn,become,make2)感观动词look,sound,smell,taste>feel3)似乎类seemappear4)保持类staykeep2.系动词只和形容词连用，构成系

6、表结构1)Ifeelhungry.2)Thedaygetslongerandlonger.3)Helookedhappy.实义动词1.实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。2.实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。3・做谓语动词的用法动词会有四种形式：单三，现在分词，过去式，过去分词注意：掌握四种形式的变化规律1)Heworksintheoffice・2)Wcarcdancingtogether.3)Icaughtacoldlastweek・4)Shehaswateredtheflower.1.做非谓语动词的用法(指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语动词的限制)动词会有三种形式：

7、1)原型(do)2)动名词(doing)3)不定式(todo)1)用原型:a)letsb.dob)makesb.doc)helpsb.(to)dod)hadbetterdo2)用动名词：a)likedoingb)enjoydoingc)finishdoinga)介词之后用动名词begoodatdoingwhataboutdoingthankyoufordoing2)用不定式：a)wanttodob)decidetodoc)plantodod)w