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1、Three-DimensionalPrintingofHigh-ContentGrapheneScaffoldsforElectronicandBiomedicalApplicationsAdamE.Jakus严EthanB.Secor/AlexandraL.Rutz,t/§SumanasW.Jordan/MarkC.Hersam/^andRamilleN.Shah*ft/§/ADepartmentofMaterialsScieneeandEngineering,NorthwesternUniversi
2、ty,2220CampusDrive,Evanston,Illinois60208,UnitedStates,DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering,NorthwesternUniversity,2145SheridanRoad,Evanston,Illinois60208,UnitedStates,§SimpsonQuerreyInstituteforBioNanotechnology,NorthwesternUniversity,303EastSuperiorStreet
3、,Chicago,Illinois60611,UnitedStates,^DepartmentofSurgery,NorthwesternUniversity,251EastHuronStreet,Gaiter3-150,Illinois60611,UnitedStates,and-DepartmentofChemistry,NorthwesternUniversity,2220CampusDrive,EvanstonIllinois60208,UnitedStatesABSTRACTTheexcept
4、ionalpropertiesofgrapheneenableapplicationsinelectronicszoptoelectronics,energystorage,andstructuralcomposites.Herewedemonstratea3Dprintablegraphene(3DG)compositeconsistingofmajoritygrapheneandminoritypolylactide-co-glycolide,abiocompatibleelastomer,3D-p
5、rintedfromaliquidink.Thisinkcanbeutilizedunderambientconditionsviaextrusiorvbased3Dprintingtocreategraphenestructureswithfeaturesassmallas100
6、imcomposedofasfewastwolayers(<300
7、imthickobject)ormanyhundredsoflayers(>10cmthickobject).Theresulting3DGmaterial
8、ismechanicallyrobustandflexiblewhileretainingelectricalconductivitiesgreaterthan800S/m,anorderofmagnitudeincreaseoverpreviouslyreported3D・printedcarbonmaterials.Invitroexperimentsinsimplegrowthmedium,intheabseneeofneurogenicstimuli,revealthat3DGsupportsh
9、umanmesenchymalstemcell(hMSC)adhesion,viability,proliferation,andneurogenicdifferentiationwithsignificantupregulationofglialandneuronalgenes.ThiscoincideswithhMSCsadoptinghighlyelongatedmorphologieswithfeaturessimilartoaxonsandpresynapticterminals・Invivo
10、experimentsindicatethat3DGhaspromisingbiocompatibilityoverthecourseofatleast30days.Surgicaltestsusingahumancadavernervemodelalsoillustratethat3DGhasexceptionalhandlingcharacteristicsandcanbeintraoperativelymanipulatedandap
