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1、06-9-15Inthelisteningmaterial,theprofessorillustratesfurtherthetopic“falseconsensus”usingtwoexamples,whichmeans,peopletendtobelievetheirthoughtscanrepresentthemajorities’opinions,butactuallytheydon’t.Oneexampleisinacrowdandquietlibrary,agroupofstudentsarechosenrandomlyandaskedaquestion“willyoustart
2、discussloudlyinsuchaquietlibrary”,somesayyesandotherssayno.Anotherexampleis,basedontheiranswers,thestudentsaredividedintotwooppositegroupsandareaskedasecondquestion“willotherstalkloudlyiffacingthesamesituation”.Surprising,thegroupwhosaidyesconsistentlybelievethatotherswillalsotalkloudly,whilethegro
3、upwhosaidnouniformlythinkthatotherswillstandbytheirside.Thisisthesocalledfalseconsensus.06-10-8Inthelisteningmaterial,theprofessorgivestwoexamplestoexplainthetermnonverballanguage,including2twomajorforms,facialexpressionandbodymovements.Oneexampleisherunclepaidavisitlastweekafter20years,shewassohap
4、pythatsheactedlikean8-year-oldboy,soheruncleenjoyedhisstaybecauseofherdelightedlook,herunclebelievethathewasverywelcome.Thisexampleprovesthatone’snonverballanguagewillenhancetheemotionaloutletwhenwheyconsistwitheachother.Anotherexampleisthatlastweekshehelpedherdaughterbuildabirdhouse,whichwasactual
5、lyverydifficult,thustheyspentawholeafternoononit.Whenitwasfinishedshetoldherdaughtershewashappybutactuallyshelookedfrustratedandbored,soherdaughterdidn’tbelieveher.Thisprovesthatone’snonverballanguagemaybetrayhimbytellingothershistrueemotions.06-10-22Inthelisteningmaterial,theprofessorgives2example
6、stoexplainfurtherthetermbridgeshifting.Oneexampleis,onceshewatchedamovieaboutafamousfigureinAmericanpolitics.Therewasonesceneinthemoviethatthecalendarwasturnedoveronepageafteranother,andsuddenlythepoliticiangrewupfromachildtoayoungman.Sothesceneisactuallyanapplicationofbridgeshiftingthedirectorused
7、inordertodepicttheyearsinwhichthepoliticiangrewup.Anotherexampleisinthesamemovie,thepoliticianneedstotraveltodifferentcitiestogivespeeches.Inordertoshowthespectatorsthatheisbusytravelling,alldirectorswillme
