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1、bTheIcyDefenderNilaBSmith1In1812,NapoleonBonapagEmoeroroftheFrench,ledhisGrandArmyintoRussia.HewaspreparedforthefierceresistanceoftheRussianpeopledefendingtheirhomeland.HewaspreparedforthelongmarchacrossRussiansoiltoMoscow,thecapitalcity.Buthewasnotpreparedfort
2、hedevastatingenemythatmethiminMoscow—theraw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter.冰雪卫士奈拉・B•史密斯1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑•波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌一俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。2In1941,AdolfHitler,leaderofNaziGermany,launchedanattackagainsttheSovietU
3、niortasRussiathenwascalled・Hitler'smilitarymightwasuneaualed.HiswarmachinehadmoweddownresistanceinmostofEurope・Hitlerexpectedashortcampaignbut,likeNapoleonbeforehim,wastaughtapainfullesson.TheRussianwinteragaincametotheaidoftheSovietsoldiers・1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫•希特勒
4、进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。希特勒的军爭实力堪称无敌。他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝人部分地区的抵抗。希待勒希望速战速决，但是，就像在他之前的拿破仑一样，他得到的是痛苦的教训I。仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂Z力。NapoleonvsCamoaign3Inthespringof1812,NapoleonassembledanarmyofsixhundredthousandmenonthebordersofRussia・Thesoldierswerewelltrained,efficient,andwellequippe
5、d・ThismilitaryforcewascalledtheGrandArmy.Napoleon,confidentofaquickvictory,predictedtheconquestofRussiainfiveweeks・拿破仑发起的战役1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。这些士兵受过良好训练，作战力强，装备特良。这支军队被称为大军。拿破仑对马到成功充满自信，预言要在5个星期内攻卜•俄国。4Shortlyafterwards,NapoleonfsarmycrossedtheNemanRiverintoR
6、ussia.Thequick,decisivevictorythatNapoleonexpectedneverhappened・Tohissurprise,theRussiansrefusedtostandandfight・Instead,theyretreatedeastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.TheGrandArmyfollowed,butitsadvancemarchsoonbecameboggeddownbyslow-movingsupplylines
7、・不久，拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。令他吃惊的是，俄国人并不奋起抵抗。相反，他们一路东撤，沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。大军紧追不舍，但它的长驱貢入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。5InAugust,theFrenchandRussianarmiesengagedatSmolensk,inabattlethatleftovertenthousanddeadoneachside・Yet,theRussianswereagainabletoretreatfartherintoRussiant
8、erritory.Napoleonhadwonnodecisivevictory.Hewasnowfacedwithacrucialdecision.ShouldhecontinuetopursuetheRussianarmy?OrshouldhekeephisarmyinSmolenskfortheapproachingwinter?到了8月
