国际经济学基础课后习题重点答案

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1、第46页1、2、3、4题1.Whatwerethemercantilists'viewsontrade?HowweretheirviewsdifferentfromthoseofAdamSmith?Whatistherelevanceofallthistoday?重商主义的观点是什么？它们与亚当斯密观点的不同之处？与今天有什么关系？Answer:①Themercantilistsbelievedthatanationcouldgainininternationaltradeonlyatexpenseof

2、othernations.Asaresult,theyadvocatedrestrictionsonimports、incentivesforexports、andstrictgovernmentregulationofalleconomicactivities•②Themercantilistsbelievedthatonenationcouldgainonlyattheexpenseofothernationsandadvocatedstrictgovernmentcontrolofallecono

3、micactivityandtrade;Adambelievedthatallnationswouldgainfromfreetradeandstronglyadvocatedapolicyoflaissez-faire.(3)Allofthisisrelevanttodaybecausemanyoftheargumentsmadeinfavorofrestrictinginternationaltradetoprotectdomesticjobsareverysimilartothemercantil

4、istsargumentsmadethreeorfourcenturiesago.Thatiswhywecansaythat^mercantilistsisaliveandwellinthetwenty・firstcentury5Thuswehavetobepreparedtoansweranddemonstratethattheseargumentsarebasicallywrong.WhatwasthebasisforandthepatternoftradeaccordingtoAdamSmith

5、?HowweregrainsfpomtFadegenerated?WhatpoliciesdidSmithadvocateininternationaltrade?Whatdidhethinkwastheproperfunctionofgovernmentintheeconomiclifeofthenation?根据亚当斯密的理论，其贸易模式的基础和模式是什么？贸易所得是怎样产生的？亚当主张在国际贸易中推行怎样的政策？他认为政府在国家的经济运行中应当扮演怎样的角色？Answer:Thebasisfort

6、rade:Absoluteadvantage.ifonenationismoreefficientthananothernationintheproductionofonecommodity,thenationhasabsoluteadvantageinthatcommodity.Thegainoftrade:Bothnationscangainbyeachspecializingintheproductionofthecommodityofitsabsoluteadvantageandexportin

7、gpartofitsoutputtotheothernationforthecommodityofitsabsolutedisadvantage.Policy:AdamSmithbelievedthatallnationswouldgainfromfreetradeandstronglyadvocatedfreetradeandapolicyoflaissez-faire,thepolicyofminimumgovernmentinterferenceinorregulationofeconomicac

8、tivity.(*)InwhatwavwasRica^dc/slawofcompapativeadvantagesuperiortoSmith，stheoryofabsoluteadvantage?Ricardo'slawofcomparativeadvantageissuperiortoSmith'stheoryofabsoluteadvantageinthatitshowedthatevenifanationislessefficien