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1、PassageOneYoumightaskwhyitisthatwomendecidedtogoafterjobsinevergreaternumbers•Youmightequallyaskwhynot.Theideaofthenuclearfamily,withthebreadwinnerfatheroutatworkandthehousekeeperandchild-mindermotherathome,isneitherasoldasobviousasitseems.Inpredominantlyagriculturalsocieties
2、,bothfatherandmotherworkedontheland・Childrensawplentyofbothofthem,andwereexpectedtostarthelpingoutatatenderage.Withtheindustrialrevolution,formalworklargelymovedawayfromhome,butbothparentscommonlyhadjobstomakeendsmeet;thechildrenmanagedasbesttheycould.Ittakesafairlysophistica
3、tedsocietywithacomfortablemiddleclass,andabeliefinanextendedperiodofeducationfortheyoung,todevisethe“traditional"familymodelthatenjoyedsuchavogue（时尚）indevelopedcountriesinthelate1940stoearly1960s.Thattraditionalmodelranoutofstreamforanumberofreasons-Singlewomen,eitherupuntilm
4、arriageorupuntilthebirthofthefirstchild,havealwaysworked;thenoveltyisthatinthepastfewdecadesgrowingnumbersofmarriagewomenhavebeentakingpaidjobstoo.Onethingthathashelpedtomakethispossibleisreadilyavailablecontraception（避孕）.Childrenarriveeverlaterintheirmother'slife,andineversm
5、allernumbers.ExceptforAmericaandsomeoftheNordiccountries,therichworldproducesfartoofewchildrentokeepupitspresentpopulation;insomecountriestheone-childfamilyisbecomingthenorm,andmanywomenremainchildless.Yetevenwomenwhodohavefamiliesareworkinginfargreaternumbersthanbefore.InAme
6、rica,atleastthreeoutoffourmothersofschool-agechildrenhavejobs.Workingmothersusedtobecriticizedforneglectingtheirchildren;nowitismothersstayingathomewhohavetoexplainthemselves.Combiningworkandfamily,however,makesforhectic（繁的）lives,despitethearrayofgadgetsthatbe,butnowhereneare
7、nough.WorkingwomerTsbiggestsinglecomplaintislackoftime.Butwhattheyloseintime,theygaininspendingpowe匚Theirearningsarenotjustpinmoney.Forthegrowingnumberofsinglemotherstheyareessential,andindual-earnerfamiliestheyoftenmakethedifferencebetweenjustgettingbyandlivingcomfortably.Th
8、eyalsoofferaninsurancepolicyintheincreasinglylikelyeventofadivorce.I
