电子时钟设计与实现-翻译

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1、外文文献资料收集：苏州大学应用技术学院10电子1016405043虞潇潇ProgressinComputersPrestigeLeeturedeliveredtoIEE,Cambridge,on5February2004MauriceWilkesComputerLaboratoryUniversityofCeimbridgeThefirststoredprogramcomputersbegantoworkaround1950-Theonewebu订tinCambridge,theEDSACwasfirstusedinthesummerof1949.

2、Theseearlyexperimentalcomputerswerebuiltbypeoplelikemyselfwithvaryingbackgrounds.Weallhadextensiveexperienceinclcctroniccnginceringandwereconfidentthatthatexpericnccwouldstandusingoodstcad.Thisprovedtrue,althoughweheldsomenewthingstolearn.Themostimportantofthesewasthattransien

3、tsmustbetreatedcorrectly;whatwouldcauseaharmlessflashonthescreenofatelevisionsetcouldleadtoaseriouserrorinacomputer.Asfarascomputingcircuitswereconcerned,wefoundourselveswithanembarassderichcss.Forexample,wecouldusevacuumtubediodesforgatesaswedidintheEDSACorpentodeswithcontrol

4、signailsonbothgrids,asystemwidelyusedelsewhere.Thissortofchoicepersistedandthetermfamiliesoflogiccameintouse.ThosewhohaveworkedinthecomputcrfieldwillrememberTTL,ECLemdCMOS.Ofthese,CMOShasnowbecomedominant.Inthoseearlyyears,theIEEwasstilldomineitedbypowerengineeringandwehadtofi

5、ghtanumberofmajorbattlesinordertogetradioenginccringalongwiththerapidlydevelopingsubjectofelectronics.dubbedintheIEElightcurrentelectricalengineering.properlyrecognisedasanactivityinitsownright.Irememberthatwehadsomedifficultyinorganisingaconfcrcnccbecausethepowerengineers'way

6、sofdoingthingswerenotourways.AminorsourceofirritationwasthatallIEEpublishedpeiperswereexpectedtostartwithalengthystatementofearlierpractice,somethingdifficulttodowhentherewasnoearlierpracticeconsolidationinthe1960sbythelate50sorearly1960s,theheroicpioneeringstagewasoverandthec

7、omputerfieldwasstartingupinrealearnest.Thenumberofcomputersintheworldhadincreasedandtheyweremuchmorereliablethantheveryearlyones.Tothoseyearswecanascribethefirststepsinhighlevellanguagesandthefirstoperatingsystems.Experimentaltime-sharingwasbeginning,andultimatelycomputergraph

8、icswastocomealong.Aboveall,transistorsbegantoreplacevacuumtub