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1、CloudComputingforPlanetaryDefenseStevenJohnston(sjj698@zepler.org),KenjiTakeda,HughLewis,SimonCoxandGrahamSwinerdMicrosoftInstituteforHighPerformanceComputing,UniversityofSouthampton,Southampton,UKAbstractInthispaperwedemonstratehowacloud-basedcomputingarchitecturecanbeusedforplanetarydefenseandspa
2、cesituationalawareness(SSA).Weshowhowutilitycomputecanfacilitatebothafinanciallyeconomicalandhighlyscalablesolutionforspacedebrisandnear-earthobjectimpactanalysis.Asweimproveourabilitytotracksmallerspaceobjects,andsatellitecollisionsoccur,thevolumeofobjectsbeingtrackedvastlyincreases,increasingcomp
3、utationaldemands.Propagatingtrajectoriesandcalculatingconjunctionsbecomesincreasinglytimecritical,thusrequiringanarchitecturewhichcanscalewithdemand.Theextensionofthistotackletheproblemofafuturenear-earthobjectimpactisdiscussed,andhowcloudcomputingcanplayakeyroleinthiscivilisation-threateningscenar
4、io.IntroductionSpacesituationalawarenessincludesscientificandoperationalaspectsofspaceweather,near-earthobjectsandspacedebris.ThisprojectispartofaninternationalefforttoprovideaglobalresponsestrategytothethreatofaNearEarthObject(NEO)impactingtheearth,ledbytheUnitedNationsCommitteeforthePeacefulUseof
5、Space(UN-COPUOS).TheimpactofaNEO–anasteroidorcomet–isaseverenaturalhazardbutisuniqueinthattechnologyexiststopredictandtopreventit,givensufficientwarning.Assuch,theInternationalSpaceguardsurveyhasidentifiednearly1,000potentiallyhazardousasteroids>1kminsizealthoughNEOssmallerthanonekilometreremainpre
6、dominantlyundetected,existinfargreater1numbersandimpacttheEarthmorefrequently.Impactsbyobjectslargerthan100m(twicethesizeoftheasteroidthatcausedtheBarringercraterinArizona)couldoccurwithlittleornowarning,withtheenergy2ofhundredsofnuclearweapons,andare“devastatingatpotentiallyunimaginablelevels”(Fig
7、ure1).ThetrackingandpredictionofpotentialNEOimpactsisofinternationalimportance,particularlywithregardtodisastermanagement.Spacedebrisposesaseriousrisktosatellitesandspacemissions.CurrentlySpace3Trackpublish
