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1、基础阅读《物理专业英语》南京大学外文系公外英编商务印书馆1981LMATTERANDVOLUMEMatteristhenamegiventoeverythingwhichhasweightandoccupiesspace.Itmayusuallybedetectedbythesenseoftouch,sightorsmell.Mattermayexistinthreestates:solid,liquidandgas.Al1substanccs,cxccptthosewhichdecomposewhenheatcd，maybechangcdfromonestateintoanother.As
2、ubstanceintheliquidstatemaybechangedintoagaseoussubstance.Changescantakeplaceinthereverseorderaswell:gasesmaybechangedintoliquidsandliquidsintosolids.Asolidsubstancesuchasicemaybechangedintothe1iquidstate,orliquefied,tobecomewater;andthismaybechangedintogaseousstate,orevaporated,tobecomesteam.Steam
3、mayalsobeconvertedintowaterandwaterintoice.Allmatteroccupiesspace.Thespaceoccupiedbyaquantityofmatteriscalleditsvolume,anditisusual1ymeasuredinunitssuchascubicmetersorcubicccntimetcrs.Solidshaveadefinitcvolumeandshape,liquidshaveadefinitevolumebutnoshape;thelattertakeontheshapeofthecontainerinwhich
4、theyrest.Gaseshavenodefinitevolumeandnoshape.2.SOUNDMAYECHOAnechoisproducewhensoundwavesstrikeasurfaceandbounceback.Soundisordinarilyabsorbedandchangedtoheatbymostobjects.Butahardwallorcliffwillproduceanecho.Outdoorsanechoisoftenamusing,butindoorsitwi11causeyoutohearthesamesoundmorethanonce,usually
5、mixedwithothersounds,anditwillbeirritatingandconfusing.Inordertopreventechoes,wallandceilingsarclinedwithsoftdrapes(窗帘)，porous(fullofholesandspace)wal1boards,orothermaterialswhichabsorbtheenergyofsound.Broadcastingstudiosarealwayspreparedinthisway.Loudnessofsoundmaybemeasured.Thereisadeviceformeasu
6、ringtheloudnessofsound.Itgivesareadingonadialinthenumberofsoundunits,calleddecibels,indicatingtheloudnessofthesound.Thisdeviceisusefulinlocatingunwantednoisesinschools,factories,andonthestreet.Aformoftheseimedeviceisusedtomeasurethefaintestsoundthatapersoncanhearinordertomeasurehishearingability.If
7、onecannothearaswellasotherpeople,heknowsasresultofthistestwhathishearingabilityis.Itispossibletodaytohavehearingaidswhichhelpgreatlyinovercominglossofhearing.3.NEWTON，SLAWSOFMOTIONDynamicsisonemostessential
