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1、SurveyofGreatBritain■WhatisthedifferencebetweenBritishIsles(不列颠群岛),(Great)Britain,UnitedKingdomandEngland?Thesetermsarefamiliar,butpuzzlingtousChinese.■TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands:OneisBritainandtheotherIreland.Britain,orGreatBritain,isthelargerofthetwoi
2、slands,andisdividedintothreeparts:England,ScotlandandWales.■TheUnitedKingdom(UK)istheshortfortheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland・UKconsistsofScotland,WalesandEngland(i.e.thewholeofBritain),andalsoaboutone-sixthofIreland,i.e.,theNorthernIreland・TherestofIr
3、elandisself-governing・Part1GeographyChapter1PhysicalGeography■SituatedinNorthwesternEurope■LyingtothenorthofFranceandwestofBelgium,theNetherlandsandDenmark■ConsistsofEngland,Scotland,Wales,andNorthernIreland■Totalarea:242534sq.km.I.Topography1•Topography…Scotland■Nort
4、h:ScottishHighland,Mountainous.■TheGrampianRangesliesinthehighlands;■BenNevis(1,343m)isthehighestpeakinBritain;■Middle:MidlandValley,lowerhillsandrollingcountrydrainedbyClydeandForthRivers■South:Uplands—containsbroad,roundedhills■CapitalCity:Edinburgh2・Topography…Engl
5、and■North:Uplandscontinue…thePennines(thebackboneofEngland)■Northwest:theLakeDistrict一-valleysandlakes■Easternandsouthcentral:mainlyanopencultivatedplain,lowlands■South:Peninsula,uplands,scarps,cliffs■London(capital),Manchester,BirminghamandLiverpoolarethemajorcities.
6、3.Topography■一Wales■amountainousareawithhillsrisingsteeplyfromtheseaandwithflattops■6%ofWalesiscoveredwithforestandmuchofthecountryispasture,withonly12%oftheareaarable.■ThecapitalcityisCardiff.4.Topography■一NorthernIreland■North:abroadplateau(AntrimMts,SperrinMts.),co
7、ast(GiantsCauseway)■South:Mountains(MourneMts.)■TheLoughNeaghhereisthelargestlakeinBritain.■Belfastisthecapitalcity.I.Climate■Milder:moderatedbyAtlanticGulfStream■Rain:inBritaineverymonth>favorablemaritimeclimatewintersmild,nottoocold；summerscool,nottoohotsteadyreliab
8、lerainfall；smallrangeoftemperature>averageinwinter4°C-6°C；averageinsummer12°C-17°CII.RiversandLakes■Mainriversflowingwestwar
