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1、名词的数:1.规则名词的复数形式: 名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下: 规则例词 1一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days 2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes 3以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-lo
2、aves,wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs 4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es party-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities 5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys 6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es
3、 hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes 不少外来词加-s piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos 两者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos 7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos 8以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths,mo
4、uth-mouths,month-months,path-paths, 2.不规则名词复数: 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下: 规则例词 1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice 2单复数相同 sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin, 3只有复数形式 ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,
5、compasses,contents 4一些集体名词总是用作复数 people,police,cattle,staff 5部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员) audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party 6复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),san
6、ds(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟) 7表示“某国人”加-s Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans 单复数同形 Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese 以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen,Frenchwomen 8 合成名词将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law
7、,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches 将两部分变为复数 womensingers,menservants