Unit 5 First aid课文讲解

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1、Unit5FirstaidReadingFIRSTAIDFORBURNSTheskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyanditslargestorgan.Youhavethreelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdisease,poisonsandthesun'sharmfulrays.Thefunctionsofyourskinarealsoverycomplex:itkeepsyouwarmorcool;itpreventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater;itiswhereyoufeel

2、cold,heatorpainanditgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.Soasyoucanimagine,ifyourskingetsburneditcanbeveryserious.Firstaidisaveryimportantfirststepinthetreatmentofbums.烧伤的急救皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体的最大器官。皮肤有三层，它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏障。皮肤的功能十分复杂。皮肤可以保暖或御寒，保持体内水分。正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。在治疗

3、烧伤的过程中，紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。CausesofburnsYoucangetburnedbyavarietyofthings:hotliquids,steam,fire,radiation(bybeingclosetohighheatorfire,etc),thesun,electricityorchemicals.TypesofburnsTherearethreetypesofburns.Burnsarecalledfirst,secondorthirddegreeburns,dependingonwhichlayersoftheskinareburned.◎Firstd

4、egreeburnsTheseaffectonlythetoplayeroftheskin.Theseburnsarenotseriousandshouldfeelbetterwithinadayortwo.Examplesincludemildsunburnandburnscausedbytouchingahotpan,stoveorironforamordent.◎SeconddegreeburnsTheseaffectboththetopandthesecondlayeroftheskin.Thesebumsareseriousandtakeafewweekstoheal.Ex

5、amplesincludeseveresunburnandbumscausedbyhotliquids.◎ThirddegreeburnsTheseaffectallthreelayersoftheskinandanytissueandorgansundertheskin.Examplesincludeburnscausedbyelectricshocks,burningclothes,orseverepetrolfires.Theseburnscauseverysevereinjuriesandthevictimmustgotohospitalatonce.烧伤的原因：你可能由于各

6、种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射（由于靠近高温或大火）、阳光、电和化学物品。烧伤的种类：烧伤有三类。根据皮肤烧伤的层次分为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。一度烧伤：只损伤皮层的最上层。这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤，由于短暂接触热锅、火炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。二度烧伤：既损伤了皮肤的最上层，又损伤了皮质的第二层。这些烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需几星期才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。三度烧伤：所有三层皮质以及皮下的组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的烧伤。这些烧伤都属于非常严重的烧伤，受伤者必须

7、立即送往医院。CharacteristicsofburnsFirstdegreeburns◎dry,redandmildlyswollen◎mildlypainful◎turnwhitewhenpressedSeconddegreeburns◎rough,redandswollen◎blisters◎waterysurface◎extremelypainfulThirddegreeburns◎blackandwhiteandcharred◎swollen;