欢迎来到天天文库
浏览记录
ID:41408090
大小:2.03 MB
页数:23页
时间:2019-08-24
《书写工具的发展历史(英文)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、HistoryofWritingImplements-Over6000YearsAround4000BCManscratchesthesurfaceofmoistclaytabletorbonesandshellsofanimalswithabronze,stoneorbonetool.Around3000BCTheEgyptiansdevelopedaformofwritingwithpictures.Forwritingonpapyrusscrollsscribesusedthinreedbrushesorreedpens.About2000BCChin
2、esedevelopedbrushesmadeofthehairofmice.1300BCTheRomanshavebeendevelopingformofwriting,thattheyscribedintothinsheetsofwax(onwoodentablets).Romansusedametalstylus.Whentheynolongerneededthewriting,theyrubbeditoutwiththeflatendofstylus.InAsiascribesusedabronzestylus.DarkAgesAswellaswri
3、tingonparchment,theAnglo-Saxonsalsousedtabletsfilledwithwaxfornotesandforplanningthelayoutoflargebooks.Theywroteonthetableswithametalorbonestylusthathadapointedendandrubbedoutthewordswiththeflatend.600-1800ADTheEuropeansfoundthatwritingonparchmentwithaquillpenalteredthestyleoftheir
4、writing.Atfirsttheyusedcapitallettersallthetime,butlatertheydevelopedfasterstyleswithsmallletters.QuillPens(firstlyappearedinSeville,Spain)werethewritinginstrumentfrom600to1800AD.QuillPens1790sPencilleadwasinventedindependentlyinFranceandAustralia.1800-1850Ametalpenpointhasbeenpate
5、ntedin1803butthepatentwasnotcommerciallyexploited.Steelnibscameintocommonuseinthe1830s.Bythe19thcenturymetalnibshadreplacedquillpens.By1850quillpenusagewasfadingandthequalityofthesteelnibshadbeenimprovedbytippingthemwithhardalloysofIridium,RhodiumandOsmium.1884LewisEdsonWaterman,an
6、insurancebroker,inventedthefirstproperfountainpen.1888-1916Theprincipleoftheballpointpenactuallydatesfromthelate19thCenturywhenpatentsweretakenoutbyJohnLoudin1888foraproducttomarkleatherandin1916byVanVechtenRiesberg.HoweverneitherofthesePatentswereexploitedcommercially.BallPointPen
7、1940sThemodernversionofballpointpenwasinventedbyJosef(Lazlo)andGeorgBiro.OnSummer1943thefirstcommercialmodelsweremade.TherightstoLazlo'spatentwereboughtbytheBritishGovernment.TheballpointpenismoreruggedthanthefountainpenwhichmaybewhysalesrocketedduringWorldWarIIwhentheMilitaryneed
8、edrobustwritingimplementst
此文档下载收益归作者所有