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1、XX年考研辅导:冲刺阶段英语阅读重点词汇⑴一、阅读词汇分类词汇是考研阅读的基础，主要难点在于一词多义与词义的精确把握。一词多义指一个常见词有多个意义，但考试时考的是该词不太常见的意义。例如,check的常见意思是“检查”，而考研阅读中常考"限制”这一意思。对于词义的精确把握也影响答案的选择，尤其是对一个词汇意义的褒贬进行判断时。例如，anecdote（奇闻轶事）用于描述一件事情的真实性时，表示负评价，即该事情并不存在：themassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivity（1998年考研阅读第二篇第二段末句）。所以，复习阅
2、读词汇时要分类进行：核心词汇、一词多义的词汇与表示态度倾向的词汇。下面以XX年考研阅读第三篇文章为例说明如何区分和记忆上述几类词汇。二、XX年考研阅读第三篇词汇分析Inrecentyearsrailroadshavebeencombiningwithecausingheigentlyasl995achother,mehtenedconce,thetopfourrgingintosurnsaboutmonrailroadsacpersystems,opoly.Asreccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails・N
3、extyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers・Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecomp
4、etitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforeha.vethembythethroat.Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypical
5、lychargesuchcaptiveshippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness・Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment'，sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecas
6、es.Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone'，scost・Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftranspor'tationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshouldertheeo
7、stofkeepinguptheline・It'，satheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswilIflourishandwhichwillfedl.Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace
