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1、GEOPHYSICALWELLLOGGING(
)IntroductiontoWellLoggingPurposeofLogging1)LackofCore(olderwells)2)Driller'slogs-poorandsubjective3)Core/geol.logs-limitedtowellbore4)Seebehindcasing5)Qualitativemeasurementin-situ6)Correlation(SP,naturalgamma)-objectiverecor
2、d4BasicTypes-electrical(resistivity,conductivity,SP)-nuclear(density,porosity,naturalradioactivity)-sonic(acoustic-porosity,fractures,correlationwithseismicsection)-others(Caliper,magnetic,gravity,fluidcolumn,temperature,flowmeter,fluidconductivitylogs,etc.)"Geophysi
3、cal","wireline","E-logs"generallyrefertothesamething-theyareapartoftheprocessofwellproduction-mudlogs,DST'sandproductiontestsmayalsoberunwithgeophysicallogs.Propertiessought-porosity-composition(rockandfluid)-degreeofsaturation-permeability-metalcontent-heatflux-rock
4、quality-in-situstressImportantDates1927-1931:Doll,Schlumbergerbrothers-France,1stresistivity,SP1935–Dipmeterloglate1940's-Gamma-ray,neutron1950’s-Focusedresistivitytools,inductiontools1960's-Digitalrecording,fullwaveformsonic(3Dvelocity)1970's-Boreholeteleviewer,VSP,
5、Slimlinesondes,integratedcircuitry1980's-Boreholeradar,EMpropagation,cross-holetomography,deeplogsCostsoflogging(1986)Basicsuite:-$5-10perfootplusmobilizationcharge-Municipalwaterwell$8,000for700ft.runningofSP,gamma,neutron,induction,sonic,anddensityDrillholeenvironm
6、entveryimportantforloggingpreparationandLoggingResultsinterpretationDrillingMethods1)Cabletool2)RotaryFluidCirculationSystem-water/airforshallowholesDrillingmud-waterbasewithcolloidalandsiltparticlesadditives:(1)bentonite-viscositycontrol(2)barite-densitycontrol(3)sa
7、lt-retardsclayswelling&evaporitedissolutionMudServesManyPurposesa)Lubrication(drillbitandstring)b)Cuttingsremovalc)Maintainboreholepressure(preventsblowouts,fluidescape,breakouts)d)Entrainedhydrocarbonsincuttings(mudlogging)e)PermeableformationidentificationDrillingA
8、rtifactsThatAffectWellLogsRugosity-holediametervarieswithdepthSloughing-swellingofclayintoholeKeyseats-widerholewhereitintersectsjo
