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1、情报学理论与方法朱庆华2008/09—2008/12情报学专业硕士研究生课程1理论部分1.1对“理论”的理解1.2情报学研究中涉及到的理论1.3理论流派1.4理论基础1.1对“理论”的理解概念、原理的体系。是系统化了的理性认识。具有全面性、逻辑性和系统性的特征。理论的产生和发展既有社会实践决定，又有自身的相对独立性。理论必须与实践相结合，离开实践的理论是空洞的理论。科学的理论是在社会实践基础上产生并经过社会实践的检验和证明的理论，是客观事物的本质、规律性的正确反映。——《辞海》1999年版whatistheory?Somebasicdefinitionsinclude:"theory"as
2、a"suppositionorsystemofideasexplainingsomething,especiallyonebasedongeneralprinciplesindependentofthefacts,phenomena,etc.,tobeexplained(e.g.,atomictheory,theoryofgravitation,evolution);...expositionoftheprinciplesofascience,etc.,(thetheoryofmusic);(Math.)collectionofpropositionstoillustrateprincip
3、lesofasubject(probabilitytheory,theoryofequations)"——OxfordEnglishDictionary"asetofexplanatoryconcepts"(Silverman,1993,p.1),"astatementorgroupofstatementsabouthowsomepartoftheworldworks—frequentlyexplainingrelationsamongphenomena"(Vogt,1993,p.232),"aninternallyconnectedandlogicallyconsistentpropos
4、itionaboutrelationshipsamongphenomena"(Odi,1982,p.313),"asystematicexplanationfortheobservedfactsandlawsthatrelatetoaparticularaspectoflife"(Babbie,1992,p.55)"aunified,systematicexplanationofadiverserangeofsocialphenomena“(Schwandt,1997,p.154),"generalizationswhichseektoexplainrelationshipsamongph
5、enomena"(Grover&Glazier,1986,p.228)."inthebroadsenseofadescriptionorexplanationofthenatureofthings,notinthemorerestrictedsense,usedinsomesciences,ofdenotingfundamentallawsformallystatedandfalsifiable.“（Buckland(1991,p.18)1.2情报学研究中涉及到的理论情报学缺乏好的理论，这是个众所周知的事实。——Hj0rland,B.,&Albrechtsen,A.(1995).Infor
6、mationsciencearetodelineatetheirdisciplinaryboundariesandbuildacentralbodyofknowledge,thentheyrequiretheirowntheoreticalbasesforframingresearchproblems,buildingarguments,andinterpretingempiricalresults.情报学领域无疑需要建立一个统一的概念逻辑关系基础或“概念导航系统”（conceptualnavigationystem）。THEORIESATTRIBUTEDTOISAUTHORS——Pett
7、igrew,KarenE.&McKechnie,Lynne，2001Agosti'stwo-levelretrievalmodelAlbrechtsen'sdomainanalysistheoryBates'sberrypickingBates's"hit-side-of-thebam"principleBelkin,Oddy&Brook'sAnomalousStatesofKnowledgeBriet'sdocumen
