Vision-UCSDCognitiveScience视觉-加州大学圣地亚哥分校的认知科学

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1、VisionVision1:Filling-in,Color,Motion,FormVisualPathsFilling-InPerceptualCompletionConceptualCompletionColorMotionFormAgnosiaProsopagnosiaFilling-InUsually,functionofabrainareaisdeducedfromdeficitscorrelatedwithdamagetothatareaInthecaseoffilling-in,brainfunctionisdeducedfromintactabilities(percep

2、tions)intheabsenceofsensoryinputFilling-In:PerceptualCompletionPerceptualCompletioninNormalsProbablyduetoexcitatoryhorizontalconnectionsinV1Filling-InResultingFromV1DamageFromscotomas(“hole”inV1)Hemianopias***DIGITALVIDEO:HemianopiaPerceptualFilling-InRamachandranpatient:Filledintexture/surface

3、sbutnotobjectsFilledinnumbersbutlookedlikehieroglyphics/couldn’tidentifyFillinginoccursatdifferentspeedsfordifferentperceptualattributesCouldn’tfillinfacesLessonsFromFillingIn:PerceptualCompletionBrainusesstatisticalregularitiestofillin.Thisactofinterpolationsavesanenormousamountofcomputation.Perh

4、apsduetolateralhorizontalconnectionsincorticalareashigherthanV1?ConceptualCompletionAdditionalparietaldamageCharlesBonnetSyndromePatientsKnowHallucinationsAren’tRealBecause:OtherscorrectthemFadeafterafewsecondsHighlyimprobablySomethingoddabouttheimages(toovivid,cartoonish,etc.)LessonsFromFilling-I

5、n:ConceptualCompletionParietalDamage?Back-Projections?DisordersofColorProcessingCentralAchromatopsiaDeficitincolorperceptioncausedbyanacquiredcerebrallesionTestedWithColorplatetest(e.g.,IshiharaColorPlateTest)Colorarrangementtest(e.g.,Farnsworth-Munsell100-HueTest)Passcolorchipsacrossthevisualfie

6、ldCentralAchromatopsia–DisorderofColorPerceptionNatureoftheimpairmentuncertainReducedhuediscriminationDeficientcolorconstancyCo-occursoftenwithalexiaorvisualagnosiaV4damagemostlikelysiteLingualgyrus,fusiformgyrus,orwhitematterbetweentheregionsV4DamageDisorderofColorImagerySeemsthatdefectivecolorp

7、erceptioninvariablyresultsindefectivecolorimageryImagininganobject’scolor(e.g.,ayellowbanana)requiresanleastsomeoftheneuralrepresentationsrequiredtoperceivecolorPatientcannot“remember”thecolorofitemsthatneedtobei