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1、美国文学（一）AmericanLiteratureIMethodology:NewCriticism,mainly;withotherapproachesHowtowriteacomment[anessay]onpoetry?StepI:findingoutwhoisspeaking.Knowledgeaboutwhothepoetisandwhenandwheres/hewrotecansometimesprovideusefulinformationwhichwillhelpyouunderstand
2、whatisbeingsaid.Allliteratureiswritteninasocial,culturalandhistoricalcontext,andunderstandingthiscontextcanaddgreatlytoyourunderstandandinterpretationofthepoem.TheRoseFamily—RobertFrostTheroseisarose,Andwasalwaysarose.ButthetheorynowgoesThattheapple’saros
3、e,Andthepearis,andso’sTheplum,Isuppose.ThedearonlyknowWhatwillnextprovearose.You,ofcourse,arearose—Butwerealwaysarose.TheRoadNotTakenTworoadsdivergedinayellowwoodAndsorryIcouldnottravelbothAndbeonetraveler,longIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldTowhereitb
4、entintheundergrowth;Thentooktheother,asjustasfairAndhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;Thoughasforthat,thepassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesame,AndboththatmorningequallylayInleavesnostephadtroddenblack.Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanoth
5、erday!Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.IshallbetellingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshence:Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI—Itooktheonelesstraveledby,Andthathasmadeallthedifference.StepII:findingoutwhenandwhereisthepoemset.Knowledg
6、eaboutthesettingofapoemhelpstolearntheindicationofthemoodoratmospherethatthepoemistryingtoconvey,aswellashelpyourunderstandingofthepoem’smessage.StepIII:findingoutwhataretheformandstructureofthepoem?Knowledgeabouttheformandstructureofthepoemhelpstolearnab
7、outhowapoetdecidestowriteapoem,s/healsochoosesaspecificformthattheythinkwillbestconveytheirideas.Poetryencompassesmanymodes:narrative,dramatic,satiric,polemic,didactic,erotic,lyrical/personaletc.StepIV:findingoutwhatisthesubjectmatterofthepoem.Thepoetistr
8、yingtosaysomethingthroughhispoem.S/hechoosesthespeaker,settingandformtoconveythethemeorcentralidea.Therearenolimitstothesubjectspoetschoosetowriteabout:itcouldbeaboutevents,actions,thoughts,memories,arguments,polemi
