diabetes_pvd

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1、DiabetesFrankDiabetesMellitus（糖尿病）Thereare15.7millionpeopleor5.9%oftheUSpopulationwhohavediabetesDiabetesisconsideredthe7thleadingcauseofdeathintheworldandthe6thleadingcauseofdeathbydiseaseWhatisdiabetes?Diabetesisagroupofmetabolicdiseasescharacterizedbyhyperglyc

2、emialeadingtolongtermcomplicationsTherearetwomajortypesofdiabetes:Type1:Juvenileonset,insulindependent(IDDM)Type2:Maturityonset,insulinindependent(NIDDM)4Mechanismofinsulinactionanddiabetes5Post–prandialdepositofglucose1GGGGIntestinelumen碳水化合物;糖类Carbohydrateinta

3、keGGGIncreasedinbloodglucoselevel（血糖增加）GβcellsPancreas胰腺Insulinsecretionincrease（胰岛素分泌增加）1234G=Glucose=Glucosetransporters2003/8/31备注：Glut4葡萄糖转运蛋白Post–prandialdepositofglucose2GlucoseBloodGlucoseGlucoseGlycogena.aprotein（蛋白）Muscl(I肌肉)Glut4KidneyFAGlycerol(甘油)T

4、GAdipocyte(脂肪细胞)Glut4BrainGlucose（右旋糖）GlucoseFAIntestineLiverGlycogen肝糖GlucoseFATG7GlucoseTransporterGGGlucoseTransporterCellPlasma质膜membraneGlucosemolecule8InsulinstimulatesGlut4–mediatedglucosetransportGGGGGGGInsulinInsulinreceptorGlut4VesicleInsulinbindingtoin

5、sulinreceptors(IR)IRtransmitssignalsmovementofGlut4containingvesicles小囊泡towardsthecellmembrane（细胞膜）Fusion融合ofGlut4containingvesiclestocellmembraneIncreaseglucoseinflux流入12342003/8/319Defectiveinsulinfunctionindiabetes2003/8/3110MechanismofTypeIandTypeIIdiabetesT

6、ypeITypeIIPancreas（胰腺）DefectivepancreaticβcellinsulinsecretionduetoβcelldamageCause:Autoimmunemechanism脂肪细胞AdipocytesMuscle抗胰岛素性InsulinresistanceCause:多因数的Multifactorial2003/8/3111SymptomsofdiabetesFewglucosecanreachmusclecellWeakandfatigueBreakdownproteintorelea

7、seenergyFeelshungry,lossweightKidneyextractexcessglucoseThirsty,frequenturination,kidneydamageDiabetesMellitusType1Anautoimmune（自身免疫的）diseaseinwhichthebodydoesnotproduceanyinsulin（胰岛素）,mostoftenoccurringinchildrenandyoungadultsPeoplewithType1diabetesmusttakedaily

8、insulininjectionsAccountsfor5-10%ofdiabetescases13MechanismofTypeIdiabetesImmunesystemcannotrecognizeβcells→causedestructionofβcells→noinsulinproducedThusincre