ThePerformanceofMicro-Kernal-BasedSystems：微内核系统的性能

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1、ThePerformanceofMicro-Kernel-BasedSystemsH.Haertig,M.Hohmuth,J.Liedtke,S.Schoenberg,J.WolterPresentationby:SeungweonParkIntroductionμ-kernelshavereputationforbeingtooslow,inflexibleCan2ndgenerationμ-kernel(L4)overcomelimitations?Experiment:PortLinuxtorunonL4(Mach3.0)ComparedtonativeLinux,MkLinux(Lin

2、uxon1stgenMachderivedμ-kernel)Introduction(cont.)TestspeedofstandardOSpersonalityontopoffastμ-kernel:LinuximplementedonL4Testextensibilityofsystem:pipe-basedcommunicationimplementeddirectlyonμ-kernelmapping-relatedOSextensionsimplementedasusertasksuser-levelreal-timememorymanagementimplementedTestif

3、L4abstractionsindependentofplatformL4EssentialsBasedonthreadsandaddressspacesRecursiveconstructionofaddressspacesbyuser-levelserversInitialaddressspaceσ0representsphysicalmemoryBasicoperations:granting,mapping,andunmapping.OwnerofaddressspacecangrantormappagetoanotheraddressspaceAlladdressspacesmain

4、tainedbyuser-levelservers(pagers)L4Linux–Design&ImplementationFullybinarycompliantwithLinux/X86Restrictedmodificationstoarchitecture-dependentpartofLinuxNoLinux-specificmodificationstoL4kernelL4Linux–Design&ImplementationAddressSpacesInitialaddressspaceσ0representsphysicalmemoryBasicoperations:grant

5、ing,mapping,andunmapping.L4uses“flexpages”:logicalmemoryrangingfromonephysicalpageuptoacompleteaddressspace.AninvokercanonlymapandunmappagesthathavebeenmappedintoitsownaddressspaceL4Linux–Design&ImplementationL4Linux–Design&ImplementationAddressSpaces(cont.)I/Oportsarepartsofaddressspaces.Hardwarein

6、terruptsarehandledbyuser-levelprocesses.TheL4kernelwillsendamessageviaIPC.L4Linux–Design&ImplementationTheLinuxserverL4Linuxwilluseasingle-serverapproach.AsingleLinuxserverwillrunontopofL4,multiplexingasinglethreadforsystemcallsandpagefaults.TheLinuxservermapsphysicalmemoryintoitsaddressspace,andact

7、sasthepagerforanyuserprocessesitcreates.TheServercannotdirectlyaccessthehardwarepagetables,andmustmaintainlogicalpagesinitsownaddressspace.L4Linux–Design&ImplementationInterruptHandlingAllinterrupthan