Simulation-UniversityofHawaiiatHilo模拟-夏威夷大学希洛

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1、OperationsManagementModuleF–Simulation©2006PrenticeHall,Inc.PowerPointpresentationtoaccompanyHeizer/RenderPrinciplesofOperationsManagement,6eOperationsManagement,8eWhatisSimulation?Anattempttoduplicatethefeatures,appearance,andcharacteristicsofarealsystemToimitateareal-worldsituationmathematical

2、lyTostudyitspropertiesandoperatingcharacteristicsTodrawconclusionsandmakeactiondecisionsbasedontheresultsofthesimulationSimulationApplicationsAmbulancelocationanddispatchingAssembly-linebalancingParkinglotandharbordesignDistributionsystemdesignSchedulingaircraftLabor-hiringdecisionsPersonnelsched

3、ulingTraffic-lighttimingVotingpatternpredictionBusschedulingDesignoflibraryoperationsTaxi,truck,andrailroaddispatchingProductionfacilityschedulingPlantlayoutCapitalinvestmentsProductionschedulingSalesforecastingInventoryplanningandcontrolTableF.1ProbabilityofDemand(1)(2)(3)(4)DemandforTiresFreque

4、ncyProbabilityofOccurrenceCumulativeProbability01010/200=.05.0512020/200=.10.1524040/200=.20.3536060/200=.30.6544040/200=.20.8553030/200=.151.00200days200/200=1.00TableF.2AssignmentofRandomNumbersDailyDemandCumulativeProbabilityIntervalofProbabilityRandomNumbers0.05.0501through051.10.1506through1

5、52.20.3516through353.30.6536through654.20.8566through855.151.0086through00TableF.3TableofRandomNumbers5250605205372780693482455333556981693209986637307796740648083330638845505957148488670202849060948377TableF.4SimulationExample1SelectrandomnumbersfromTableF.3DayNumberRandomNumberSimulatedDailyDem

6、and1523237338244694598569657332850398851090539Total3.9AverageSimulationExample1DayNumberRandomNumberSimulatedDailyDemand1523237338244694598569657332850398851090539Total3.9AverageExpecteddemand=∑(probabilityofiunits)x(demandofiunits)=(.05)(0)+(.10)(1)+(.20)(2)+(.30)(3)+(.20)(4)+(.15)(5)=0+.1+.4+.

7、9+.8+.75=2.95tires5i=1AdvantagesofSimulationRelativelystraightforwardandflexibleCanbeusedtoanalyzelargeandcomplexreal-worldsituationsthatcannotbesolvedbyconventionalmodelsReal-worldcomplicationscanbeincludedthatmostOMm