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1、总结:高二全册的英语知识点重点语法构词法:在英语中,词的构成方法主要有三种,即合成、转化和派生。1.合成法把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词的方法叫合成法,也叫合词法。(1)合成名词highway公路(2)合成形容词hand-made手工制作的good-looking相貌好看的dark-blue深蓝(3)合成动词ill-treat虐待mass-produce大规模生产safeguard保卫(4)合成副词however然而downstairs在楼下(5)合成代词anybodynobodysomething2.转化法转化是指词由一种词类转化为另一种词类。(1)
2、动词转化为名词常用give,take,have,make等动词与其搭配构成动词词组,表示一个动作。eg:giveasmile微笑giveatick踢takeaseat就座takeabath洗澡haveaswim游泳haveatalk谈话makeawish许愿(2)形容词转化为副词Howlongistheroad?那条路有多条?(形容词)Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingthere?你在那里工作了多久?(副词)(3)形容词转化为动词eg:Thestormsloweddowntohalfitsspeed.风暴速度减慢了一半。Thegirlsgra
3、duallyquieteddown.女孩子们慢慢安静了下来了。(4)名词转化为动词eg:Thehallcanseattwothousandpeople.大厅能坐2000人。Thepassengershavebookedtheirplaneticket.旅客们已经订了飞机票。(5)形容词转化为名词Somethinghasgonewrongwiththetool.工具出了点毛病。(形容词)Littlechildrendidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.小孩子不能辨别是非。(名词)3.派生法派生是由词根加词缀(前
4、缀、后缀)构成新词。除少数前缀外,前缀一般只改变词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般只改变词性,不引起词义的变化。前缀例词a-构成形容词、副词Alive(活着的),abroad(在国外),alonedis-(否定)discourage,disagreeen-(使可能)enrich,enable(使成为可能),endangerin-(ill,im-,ir-)(不,非)invisible(看不见),illogical(不合逻辑的),impossible,irregular(不规则的)inter-(相互,之间)international,interchangemis-(
5、误)mislay,misunderstand(误会),mislead(误导)re-(重复,再)recycle(循环),remarry,rewritetele-(远程)telephone,telegraph,telecommunications(电信)un-(不),non-(不,非)unfair,unknown,noon-conductor(非导体)后缀例词-er……者foreigner,traveler,speaker,reader-ese……地方的人Chinese,Japanese,Vietnamese名-ian精通……的musician,technici
6、an(技术员),African,Asian人,……地方的人-ist专业人员pianist,physicist,scientist,violiinist词-ment性质,状态movement(运动),development,encouragement-ness性质,状态illness,shyness,sadness,business-or器具,……者tractor,visitor,professor,actor名-tion表示动作、过程、结果ageneration(世代),suggestion,invention,词actionpractical(实用的),i
7、nternational,final形American,Italian,Australian容southern,northern,eastern词helpful,useful,harmfulreasonable,capable,eatablefoolish,British,Englishselfishactive,native(本族的),expensive,adoptivewindy,sleepy,healthy,sunnycareless,selfless(无私心的),harmless,useless动-fy使……化simplify(简化),terrify
8、(恐吓),satisfy词-ize使……成为real