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1、LocalizationinSparseNetworksusingSweepsDavidK.GoldenbergPascalBihlerMingCao†JiaFang†BrianD.O.Anderson§A.StephenMorse†Y.RichardYang†YaleUniversityDepartmentsofComputerScienceandElectricalEngineering§AustralianNationalUniversityandNationalICTAustraliaLtd.{david.goldenberg,pascal.
2、bihler,ming.cao,jia.fang,as.morse,yang.r.yang}@yale.edubrian.anderson@nicta.com.auABSTRACTtoequipeachnodewithGPS,enablingittodetermineitspositionbycommunicatingwithGPSsatellites.However,therearesev-Determiningnodepositionsisessentialformanynext-generationeralpotentialproblemswiththi
3、sapproach.First,GPShardware-networkfunctionalities.Previouslocalizationalgorithmslackcor-requirementsmaybeexcessiveforresource-constrainednodesinrectnessguaranteesorrequirenetworkdensityhigherthanrequiredlarge-scalenetworks.Next,GPS-reliantlocalizationwillnotbeforuniquelocalizabilit
4、y.Inthispaper,wedescribeaclassofal-robustinthepresenceofobstructionssuchasdensefoliageandgorithmsforfine-grainedlocalizationcalledSweeps.Sweepscor-tallbuildingsblockingcommunicationwithsatellites,andhasgreatrectlyfinitelylocalizesallnodesinbilaterationnetworks.Sweepsdifficultyoperating
5、indoorsorunderground.Anotherpotentialpit-alsohandlesanglemeasurementsandnoisymeasurements.WefallindesigningaGPS-reliantlocalizationlayeristhatitwillbedemonstratethepracticalityofouralgorithmthroughextensivesim-dependentontheGPSinfrastructure,whichmaycomeunderat-ulationsonalargenumbe
6、rofnetworks,uponwhichitconsistentlytackorbemadeunavailablebyitsowner.localizesone-thousand-nodenetworksofaveragedegreelessthanThedifficultiesintheobviousapproacheshaveledresearcherstofiveinlessthantwominutesonaconsumerPC.addresstheprobleminalternativetechnologicalsettings.Apromis-ingc
7、lassofapproachforpreciselocalizationisfine-grainedlocal-CategoriesandSubjectDescriptors:C.2.1[ComputerCommu-ization(e.g.,[1,7,8,11,13,21,28,29,30,31,32,34,35,36,39]).nicationNetworks]:NetworkArchitectureandDesign–WirelessInsuchapproaches,onlysomeofthenetworknodescalledbea-communicati
8、on;F.2.2[Analysisof
