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1、WorldDevelopmentVol.32,No.4,pp.567–589,2004Ó2004ElsevierLtd.AllrightsreservedPrintedinGreatBritainwww.elsevier.com/locate/worlddev0305-750X/$-seefrontmatterdoi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.10.007IsGlobalizationReducingPovertyandInequality?ROBERTHUNTERWADE*LondonSchoolofEconomicsandPol
2、iticalScience,UKSummary.—Overthepast20yearsorsoIndia,China,andtherestofEastAsia,experiencedfasteconomicgrowthandfallsinthepovertyrate,LatinAmericastagnated,theformerSovietUnion,CentralandEasternEurope,andsub-SaharanAfricaregressed.Butwhatarethenettrends?Theneoliberalargumentsayst
3、hatworldpovertyandincomeinequalityfelloverthepasttwodecadesforthefirsttimeinmorethanacenturyandahalf,thankstotherisingdensityofeconomicintegrationacrossnationalborders.TheevidencethereforeconfirmsthatglobalizationinthecontextoftheworldeconomicregimeinplacesincetheendofBrettonWoodsg
4、eneratesmore‘‘mutualbenefit’’than‘‘conflictinginterests.’’Thispaperquestionstheempiricalbasisoftheneoliberalargument.Ó2004ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords—globalization,poverty,inequality,neoliberalism,politicaleconomyofstatistics,WorldbankÔOverthepast20yearsthenumberofpeople
5、livingon1regimeinplacesincethebreakdownofthelessthan$1adayhasfallenby200million,afterrisingBrettonWoodsregimeintheearly1970s,andsteadilyfor200years’(JamesWolfensohn,presidenttheglobalizingdirectionofchangeintheworldoftheWorldBank,WorldBank,2002b).economysincethen,servesthegreatma
6、jorityÔThebestevidenceavailableshows...thecurrentwaveoftheworld’speoplewell.Thecoresolutionforofglobalization,whichstartedaround1980,hasactu-laggingregions,Africaaboveall,isfreerallypromotedeconomicequalityandreducedpov-domesticandinternationaltradeandmoreerty’(Dollar&Kraay,2002;
7、emphasisadded).openfinancialmarkets,leadingtodeeperinte-ÔEvidencesuggeststhe1980sand1990sweredecadesgrationintotheworldeconomy.ofdecliningglobalinequalityandreductionsintheEvidencefromthecurrentlongwaveofproportionoftheworld’spopulationinextremepov-globalizationthusconfirmsneoliber
8、aleco-erty’(MartinWolf,TheFinancialTimes
