Force and Moment measurement

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1、1ForceandMo8.ForceandMomentMeasurementm8.1SteadyandQuasi-SteadyMeasurement..2Measurementofsteadyandfluctuatingforcesact-8.1.1Basics.........................................2ingonabodyinaflowisoneofthemaintasksin8.1.2BasicTermsofBalanceMetrology...6windtunnelexperiments.Ina

2、erodynamictesting,8.1.3MountingVariations.....................8straingaugebalanceswillusuallybeappliedfor8.1.4StrainGauge................................10thistaskas,particularlyinthepast,themainfocus8.1.5WiringofWheatstoneBridges........11wasdirectedonthemeasurementofst

3、eadyforces.8.1.6CompensationofThermalEffects....13Inmanyapplications,however,balancesbased8.1.7CompensationofSensitivityShift...14onpiezoelectricmulticomponentforcetransducers8.1.8StrainGaugeSelection..................16arearecommendedalternativesolution.Contrary8.1.9Str

4、ainGaugeApplication...............16toconventionalstraingaugebalances,apiezo8.1.10Materials.....................................17balancefeatureshighrigidityandlowinterfer-8.1.11Single-ForceLoadCells.................18encesbetweentheindividualforcecomponents.8.1.12Multi-

5、ComponentLoadHighrigidityleadstoveryhighnaturalfrequen-Measurement..............................20ciesofthebalanceitself,whichisaprerequisite8.1.13InternalBalances.........................20forapplicationsinunsteadyaerodynamics,partic-8.1.14ExternalBalances..............

6、...........24ularlyinaeroelasticity.Moreoverformeasurement8.1.15Calibration..................................28ofextremelysmallfluctuations,thepossibilityex-8.2ForceandMomentMeasurementsiststoexploitthefullresolutionindependentlyinAerodynamicsandAeroelasticityfromtheprelo

7、ad.UsingPiezoelectricTransducers..............32Concerningthemeasurementofsmall,steady8.2.1BasicAspectsofthePiezoelectricforces,theapplicationofpiezobalancesisre-ForceMeasuringTechnique...........34strictedduetoadriftofthesignalatconstant8.2.2TypicalProperties...........

8、..............39load.However,thisproblemisnotascriticalas8.2.3ExamplesofApplication................43ge