ap宏观经济学必考英文词汇

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1、AP宏观经济学必考英文词汇（共100个）词汇释义aggregate-demandcurve总需求曲线aggregate-supplycurve总供给曲线appreciation升值automaticstablizers自动稳定器balancedtrade贸易平衡bond债券budgetdeficit预算赤字budgetsurplus预算盈余catch-upeffect追赶效应classicaldichotomy古典二分法collectivebargaining集体谈判commoditymoney商品货币compounding复利consumerpriceindex,CPI消费物价指数c

2、rowdingout挤出crowding-outeffect挤出效应cyclicalumemployment周期性失业demanddeposits活期存款depreciation贬值depression萧条diminishingreturns收益递减discountrate贴现率diversification多元化efficiencywages效率工资efficientmarkethypothesis有效市场假说FederalReserve,Fed联邦储备fiatmoney法定货币financialintermediaries金融中介机构financialmarket金融市场finan

3、cialsystem金融体系firm-specificrisk企业特有风险fiscalpolicy财政政策Fishereffect费雪效应fractional-reservebanking部分准备金银行frictionalunemployment摩擦性失业fundamentalanalysis基本面分析futurevalue未来值GDPdeflatorGDP平减指数governmentpurchase政府购买grossdomesticproduct,GDP国内生产总值humancapital人力资本indexation指数化inflationrate通货膨胀率inflationtax通

4、货膨胀税informationalefficiency信息有效labor-forceparticipationrate劳动力参工率liquidity流动性marketforloanablefunds可贷资金市场mediumofexchange交换媒介menucosts菜单成本modelofaggregatedemandandaggregatesupply总需求与总供给模型monetaryneutrality货币中性monetarypolicy货币政策moneymultiplier货币乘数multipliereffect乘数效应mutualfund共同基金nationalsaving(s

5、aving)国民储蓄（储蓄）naturalrateofoutput自然产量率naturalrateofunemployment自然失业率naturalresources自然资源natural-ratehypothesis自然率假说netcapitaloutflow资本净流出nominalexchangerate名义汇率nominalGDP名义GDPnominalinterestrate名义利率nominalvariables名义变量open-marketoperations公开市场操作Phillipscurve菲利普斯曲线physicalcapital物质资本privatesaving

6、私人储蓄producerpriceindex,PPI生产物价指数productivity生产率publicsaving公共储蓄purchasing-powerparity购买力平价quantityequation数量方程式quantitytheoryofmoney货币数量论randomwalk随机行走rationalexpectations理性预期realexchangerate真实汇率realGDP真实GDPrealinterestrate真实利率realvariables真实变量recession衰退reserveratio准备金率reserverequirements法定准备金r

7、iskaversion风险厌恶sacrificeration牺牲率shoeleathercost皮鞋成本stagflation滞涨stock股票structuralunemployment结构性失业supplystock供给冲击theoryofliquiditypreference流动性偏好理论tradebalance贸易余额tradedeficit贸易赤字tradepolicy贸易政策tradesurplus贸易盈余union工会unitof