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1、JournalofEconomicLiteratureVol.XXXVII(September1999)pp.1083–1119Basu:ChildLabor:Cause,Consequence,andCureChildLabor:Cause,Consequence,andCure,withRemarksonInternationalLaborStandardsK1AUSHIKBASU1.Introductionrarytimes,theincidenceofchildlaborisveryhighinThirdWorldcountri
2、es,andCCORDINGTOTHEBureauofStatis-ithasbeenthatwayforseveraldecadesAticsoftheInternationalLaborOr-now.ganization,in1995atleast120millionofWhathasincreasedistheawarenesstheworld’schildrenbetweentheagesofofandconcernforchildrenwhoworkasfiveandfourteenyearsdidfull-time,labo
3、rers.Thisiscaused,inpart,bythepaidwork(ILO1996;KebebewAshagrieincreasingglobalizationoftheworld,1998).Manyofthemworkedunderhaz-whichhasbroughtnotonlymoreinfor-ardousandunhygienicconditionsandformationabouttheconditionoflaborinmorethantenhoursaday.Thisisnotadifferentnatio
4、nstoacademicsandac-newproblem.Indifferentpartsofthetiviststheworldover,butalsogoodsworld,atdifferentstagesofhistory,theproducedbychildreninfarawaylandslaboringchildhasbeenapartofeco-intothehandsofconsumersinhigh-in-nomiclife.Inparticular,childrenhavecomecountries.Thishas
5、,inturn,workedinlargenumbersinfactoriesbroughttwoverydifferentkindsofpeo-fromthetimeoftheindustrialrevolu-pleontothesameplatform—individualstioninEuropeandfromthemid-nine-whoaregenuinelyconcernedabouttheteenthcenturyinAmerica.Incontempo-plightofchildreninpoorcountries,an
6、dthosewhocomprisetheforcesofpro-1CornellUniversity.Forusefulcommentsandtectionismindevelopedcountries.ThesuggestionsIamgratefultoJensAndvig,KebebewAshagrie,AlakaBasu,CliveBell,FrancoisBour-twohaveralliedtogethertosupportaguignon,GeorgeBoyer,DanBromley,Jeanvarietyofinterv
7、entionsinThirdWorldDreze,PatrickEmerson,GaryFields,Garancelabormarkets,rangingfrombanningGenicot,NoemiGiszpenc,SubbiahKannapan,AyalKimhi,ElizabethKing,Luis-FelipeLopez-importsintoindustrializednationsofCalva,DaniRodrik,PhamHoangVan,Henryproducts“tainted”bychildlaborinput
8、s,Wan,andthreeanonymousrefereesoftheJour-throughsettinginternationallaborstan-nal.Ihavealsobenefitedfro
