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1、AncientHebrewTorahAncientHebrewTorah~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ByJeffA.BennerCoverdesignbyJeffA.Benner.“AncientHebrewTorah,”byJeffA.Benner.ISBN978-1-60264-594-3.Published2010byVirtualbookworm.comPublishingInc.,P.O.Box9949,CollegeStation,TX77842,US.2
2、010,JeffA.Benner.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofJeffA.Benner.ManufacturedintheUnitedStates
3、ofAmerica.TableofContentsABOUTTHEANCIENTHEBREWTORAH...........................................1בראשית...........................................................................7שמות........................................................................
4、..........77ויקרא..............................................................................139במידבר.........................................................................183דברימ....................................................................
5、........245AncientHebrewTorahAbouttheAncientHebrewTorahTheWawandYudUntil1947,theoldestmanuscriptoftheHebrewBiblewastheCodexLeningradwhichisdatedtoaround1,000A.D.WiththediscoveryoftheDeadSeaScrollsin1947wenowhavemanuscriptsthatare1000yearsolderthantheCod
6、exLeningrad.WhiletheHebrewtextsfromtheDeadSeaScrolls(2000yearsold)andtheHebrewtextfromtheCodexLeningrad(1000yearsold)areverysimilar,therearedifferences.Oneofthelargestdifferencesisthevowelsusedforthetext.ThroughouttheCodexLeningradvowelsoundsarerepresen
7、tedbydotsanddashesplacedaboveandbelowtheletters.Forinstance,theHebrewwordfor'no',asitappearsinthecodex,isאÏ(lo).Thedotabovetheletteralephiscalledahholamandrepresentsthevowelsound'o'.Thesedotsanddashes(callednikkudot,nikkudinthesingular)werecreatedbytheM
8、asoritesduringthetimethecodexLeningradwaswritten.TheDeadSeaScrolls,writtenlongbeforetheMasorites,usedtheletterו(waw,vavinModernHebrew)fortheconsonant'w,'butalsothevowelsound'o'.ThroughouttheDeadSeaScrollsthiswordappearsasלוא.Inth
